Academic Programs Catalog

The agribusiness management major is designed for students who are interested in careers with agricultural input supply, agricultural production, commodity assembly and processing, and agricultural marketing organizations.  The program, which focuses on the managerial functions performed by organizations throughout the agribusiness sector, provides a system–wide perspective of managerial problems confronting such organizations.  Faculty who are associated with the program maintain close relationships with agribusiness companies. Those relationships benefit students who seek information about careers, scholarships, and employment in the field.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Agribusiness Management

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Agribusiness Management.
   
   The University's Tier II Writing Requirement for the Agribusiness Management major is met by completing one of the following courses: Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 445 or 465. Those courses are referenced in item 3. below.
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
   
   Students must achieve a grade of at least 2.0 or higher in each AFRE course referenced in items 3. a. and in all courses taken to fulfill requirements 3. b., 3. c. and 3.d.
3. The following requirements for the major:

   a.	All of the following courses (38 credits):
   	AFRE	100	Decision-making in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	130	Farm Management I						3
   	AFRE	203	Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	206	World Food, Population and Poverty						3
   	AFRE	210	Professional Seminar in Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics						1
   	AFRE	222	Agribusiness and Food Industry Sales (W)						3
   	AFRE	232	Commodity Marketing I						3
   	AFRE	240	Food Product Marketing						3
   	AFRE	265	Ecological Economics						3
   	AFRE	410	Advanced Professional Seminar in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics						1
   	AFRE	435	Financial Management in the Agri-Food System						3
   	EC	201	Introduction to Microeconomics						3
   	EC	202	Introduction to Macroeconomics						3
   	SCM	304	Survey of Supply Chain Management						3
   b.	Three of the following courses (9 credits):
   	AFRE	224	Information and Market Intelligence in the Agri-Food Industry						3
   	AFRE	300	Public Policy Issues in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	315	Labor and Personnel Management in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	322	Organization of the Agri-Food Systems						3
   	AFRE	327	Global Agri-Food Industries and Markets						3
   	AFRE	330	Farm Management II						3
   	AFRE	432	Commodity Marketing II						3
   	AFRE	445	Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W)						3
   	AFRE	465	Corporate Environmental Management (W)						3
   	AFRE	490	Independent Study in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics						3
   	AFRE	493	Professional Internship in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics						3
   	A study abroad or independent study experience may also fulfill part of this requirement through enrollment in AFRE 490 with approval by the department.
   	Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 300, 330 or 432 may be used to fulfill requirement 3.b. if not used to fulfill requirement 3.d.
   c.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   	AFRE	445	Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W)						3
   	AFRE	465	Corporate Environmental Management (W)						3
   d.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   	AFRE	300	Public Policy Issues in Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	330	Farm Management II						3
   	AFRE	432	Commodity Marketing II						3
   e.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	AFRE	303	Managerial Economics						3
   	EC	301	Intermediate Microeconomics						3
   f.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	STT	200	Statistical Methods						3
   	STT	201	Statistical Methods						4
   	STT	315	Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Business						3
   g.	Complete 6 credits in sciences related to agricultural production and processing, as approved by the department. It is recommended that these credits be from the same discipline.

Environmental Economics and Management prepares students for careers that require consideration of environmental sustainability and economic performance goals for the public sector and businesses. The business component has a particular focus on resource, agricultural, and food industries, as these have strong environmental linkages. The major develops skills in environmental economics and policy analysis as well as core business disciplines such as accounting, marketing, and supply chain management. Business skills and knowledge are developed to help manage or create environmentally and socially responsive business organizations that also deliver shareholder value. The major prepares students for sustainability related employment opportunities with state and federal government agencies, non-profit organizations, the agricultural and food industry, and consulting firms. The major also offers students the opportunity to prepare for graduate study in environmental economics and policy or business programs.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Environmental Economics and Management

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Economics and Management.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Environmental Economics and Management major is met by completing Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 465. That course is referenced in item 3. a. below.
    
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
   
   Students must achieve a grade of at least 2.0 or higher in each AFRE course referenced in items 3. a. and in courses taken to fulfill requirements 3. b. and 3. c.
   
   The following requirements for the major:

   a.	All of the following courses (38 credits):
   	AFRE	100	Decision-making in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	203	Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	206	World Food, Population and Poverty						3
   	AFRE	210	Professional Seminar in Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics						1
   	AFRE	222	Agribusiness and Food Industry Sales (W)						3
   	AFRE	240	Food Product Marketing						3
   	AFRE	265	Ecological Economics						3
   	AFRE	360	Environmental Economics						3
   	AFRE	410	Advanced Professional Seminar in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics						1
   	AFRE	460	Natural Resource Economics						3
   	AFRE	465	Corporate Environmental Management (W)						3
   	EC	201	Introduction to Microeconomics						3
   	EC	202	Introduction to Macroeconomics						3
   	SCM	304	Survey of Supply Chain Management						3
   b.	Three of the following courses (9 or 10 credits):
   	AFRE	224	Information and Market Intelligence in the Agri-Food Industry						3
   	AFRE	300	Public Policy Issues in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	315	Labor and Personnel Management in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	322	Organization of the Agri-Food Systems						3
   	AFRE	327	Global Agri-Food Industries and Markets						3
   	AFRE	435	Financial Management in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	445	Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W)						3
   	AFRE	490	Independent Study in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics						3
   	AFRE	493	Professional Internship in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics						3
   	CSUS	354	Water Resources Management						3
   	CSUS	465	Environmental and Natural Resource Law						3
   	EC	450	Economics of Environmental Policy (W)						3
   	FOR	419	Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Natural Resource Management						4
   	A study abroad or independent study experience may also fulfill part of this requirement through enrollment in AFRE 490 with approval by the department.
   	Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 435 or 445 may be used to fulfill requirement 3.b. if not used to fulfill requirement 3.c.
   c.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   	AFRE	435	Financial Management in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	445	Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W)						3
   d.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   	ACC	201	Principles of Financial Accounting						3
   	ACC	230	Survey of Accounting Concepts						3
   	AFRE	130	Farm Management I						3
   	FI	320	Introduction to Finance						3
   e.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	STT	200	Statistical Methods						3
   	STT	201	Statistical Methods						4
   	STT	315	Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Business						3
   f.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   	AFRE	303	Managerial Economics						3
   	EC	301	Intermediate Microeconomics						3
   g.	Complete 6 credits in sciences related to sustainability and the environment, as approved by the department. It is recommended that these credits be from the same discipline.

The food industry management major is designed for students who are interested in careers in the food industry. Graduates of this major enter managerial positions with food wholesalers-distributors and retailers as well as sales, account management, and production supervision positions with food manufacturers. The program provides a system-wide perspective of managerial problems confronting firms in the food industry, recognizes the increasing interdependence among such firms and focuses on creating consumer value. Faculty who are associated with the program maintain close relationships with food companies and trade associations, bring practical applications and examples to the classroom and provide current information about career and scholarship opportunities.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Food Industry Management

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Food Industry Management.
   
   The University's Tier II Writing Requirement for the Food Industry Management major is met by completing Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics 445.  This course is referenced in item 3. below.
    
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
   
   Students must achieve a grade of at least 2.0 or higher in each AFRE course referenced in items 3. a. and in courses taken to fulfill requirements 3. b. and 3. c.
    
3. The following requirements for the major:

   a.	All of the following courses (38 credits):
   	AFRE	100	Decision-making in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	203	Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	206	World Food, Population and Poverty						3
   	AFRE	210	Professional Seminar in Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics						1
   	AFRE	222	Agribusiness and Food Industry Sales						3
   	AFRE	240	Food Product Marketing						3
   	AFRE	265	Ecological Economics						3
   	AFRE	340	Food Marketing Research and Analytics						3
   	AFRE	410	Advanced Professional Seminar in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics						1
   	AFRE	440	Food Marketing Management						3
   	AFRE	445	Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W)						3
   	EC	201	Introduction to Microeconomics						3
   	EC	202	Introduction to Macroeconomics						3
   	SCM	304	Survey of Supply Chain Management						3
   b.	Three of the following courses (9 credits):
   	AFRE	224	Information and Market Intelligence in the Agri-Food Industry						3
   	AFRE	232	Commodity Marketing I						3
   	AFRE	300	Public Policy Issues in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	315	Labor and Personnel Management in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	322	Organization of the Agri-Food Systems						3
   	AFRE	327	Global Agri-Food Industries and Markets						3
   	AFRE	435	Financial Management in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	465	Corporate Environmental Management (W)						3
   	AFRE	490	Independent Study in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics						3
   	AFRE	493	Professional Internship in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics						3
   	A study abroad or independent study experience may also fulfill part of this requirement through enrollment in AFRE 490 with approval by the department.
   	Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 435 or 465 may be used to fulfill requirement 3.b. if not used to fulfill requirement 3.c.
   c.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   	AFRE	435	Financial Management in the Agri-Food System						3
   	AFRE	465	Corporate Environmental Management (W)						3
   d.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   	ACC	201	Principles of Financial Accounting						3
   	ACC	230	Survey of Accounting Concepts						3
   	AFRE	130	Farm Management I						3
   	FI	320	Introduction to Finance						3
   e.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	STT	200	Statistical Methods						3
   	STT	201	Statistical Methods						4
   	STT	315	Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Business						3
   f.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   	AFRE	303	Managerial Economics						3
   	EC	301	Intermediate Microeconomics						3
   g.	Complete 6 credits in sciences related to food production and processing, as approved by the department. It is recommended that these credits be from the same discipline.

The Minor in Agribusiness Management is designed to serve students with majors in other fields who are interested in careers in agribusiness.  The primary educational objective of the minor is to provide students with a fundamental knowledge of business management in relation to agribusiness firms.

The minor is available as an elective to all students who are enrolled in bachelor's degree programs at Michigan State University other than the Bachelor of Science degree program with a major in agribusiness management.  The minor is administered by the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.

At least 9 credits counted towards the requirements for this minor must be unique. Unique credits must not be used to fulfill another university, college, or major requirement in the student's program.

Requirements for the Minor in Agribusiness Management

The student must complete 15 credits from the following:

The Minor in Environmental Economics is designed to serve students who are interested in the application of economics to environmental issues.  The educational objectives of the minor are to:

1. Introduce students to the concepts and principles of environmental economics.
2. Help students to develop the skills necessary to analyze environmental and natural resource issues.
3. Help students to understand the economic dimensions of the many environmental issues facing society.

The minor is available as an elective to all students who are enrolled in bachelor's degree programs at Michigan State University other than the Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Economics and Management.  The minor is administered by the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.

At least 9 credits counted towards the requirements for this minor must be unique. Unique credits must not be used to fulfill another university, college, or major requirement in the student's program.

Requirements for the Minor in Environmental Economics

The student must complete a minimum of 15 credits:

The Minor in Food Industry management is designed to serve students with majors in other fields who are interested in careers in the food industry.  The primary educational objective of the minor is to provide students with a fundamental knowledge of business management in relation to the food industry.

The minor is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in bachelor's degree programs at Michigan State University other than the Bachelor of Science degree program with a major in food industry management.  The minor is administered by the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.

At least 9 credits counted towards the requirements for this minor must be unique. Unique credits must not be used to fulfill another university, college, or major requirement in the student's program.

Requirements for the Minor in Food Industry Management

The student must complete 15 credits from the following:

The master's programs in agricultural, food and resource economics may be designed to serve either as final preparation for professional employment or as the foundation for a doctoral program.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Applications to the Master of Science Degree in Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics are evaluated by an admissions committee formed by the Department Chairperson and chaired by the Graduate Program Director.

Several criteria are used to evaluate applications including:

1. Academic preparation including review of previous degrees and grades, Graduate Record Examination (GRE), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) scores.
2. Letters of recommendation.
3. Match between the applicant’s background, interests, and educational objectives, and the department’s research, teaching, and/or outreach programs.
4. The applicant’s contribution to the diversity and balance of the department’s graduate study body.

Many undergraduate programs provide background for graduate study in agricultural, food and resource economics. However, a student with inadequate background in areas deemed important to the program of study may be required to complete collateral courses in addition to the minimum credit requirements for the degree and may be admitted on a provisional status until some deficiencies are remedied. All applicants for admission to graduate degree programs in agricultural, food and resource economics are required to submit scores for the General Test of the Graduate Record Examination.

Additional details on admission requirements and procedures are outlined on the department Web site at http://www.canr.msu.edu/afre/graduate/applying.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics

The student may elect either Plan A (with thesis) or Plan B (non-thesis research paper).  The student's plan of study should be approved by the department prior to the beginning of the second year of enrollment in the program.

A total of 30 credits is required for the degree under Plan A, and a total of 33 credits is required for the degree under Plan B.

Requirements for Both Plan A and Plan B:

1. Complete a minimum of 3 credits of microeconomic theory in AFRE 805 or its equivalent.
2. Complete a minimum of 9 credits of quantitative methods by enrollment in AFRE 801 and AFRE 802, or equivalent, and 3 credits of an elective, usually AFRE 835. A grade point average of 3.0 or greater is required in all three quantitative methods courses.
3. Complete an additional 12 credits of advanced course work at the 800- or 900-level, at least 9 credits must be AFRE courses.
4. Pass a final oral examination at which the student presents their thesis or research paper results.
5. Have a grade point average of at least 3.0 in the student’s approved course program before the student can be certified for graduation. Collateral courses are not included in this calculation.

Additional Requirements for Plan A:

1. Complete 6 credits of AFRE 899 Master's Thesis Research.

1. Complete 3 credits of AFRE 898 Master's Research.
2. Complete 6 credits within or outside AFRE in consultation and approved by the Graduate Program Director.

Guidance Committee

New students are assigned a temporary major professor by the Graduate Program Director, in consultation with the student and faculty member. The student is responsible for assembling a long-term major professor and guidance committee via consultation with faculty and, if desired, the Graduate Program Director. Students must have a major professor and guidance committee by the end of their second semester. The guidance committee consists of  three or more Michigan State University regular faculty members. A majority of the guidance comittee members must have appointments in the Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics.


 

The Doctor of Philosophy degree in Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics equips students with a strong foundation in microeconomic theory, econometric methods, and analytical tools for applied microeconomics. A major field provides specialized training in one of three major areas of emphasis. Graduates proceed to careers in academia, research institutes, government, and business. 

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Applications to the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics are evaluated by an admissions committee formed by the Department Chairperson and chaired by the Graduate Program Director.

Several criteria are used to evaluate applications including:

1. Academic preparation including review of previous degrees and grades, Graduate Record Examination (GRE), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) scores.
2. Letters of recommendation.
3. Match between the applicant’s background, interests, and educational objectives, and the department’s research, teaching, and/or outreach programs.
4. The applicant’s contribution to the diversity and balance of the department’s graduate study body.

Additional details on admission requirements and procedures are outlined on the department Web site at http://www.canr.msu.edu/afre/graduate/applying.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics

A total of 61 credits is required for the degree. The student must:

Guidance Committee

New students are assigned a temporary major professor by the Graduate Program Director, in consultation with the student and faculty member. The student is responsible for assembling a long-term major professor and guidance committee via consultation with faculty and, if desired, the Graduate Program Director. Students must have a major professor and guidance committee by the end of their third semester. The guidance committee consists of four or more Michigan State University regular faculty members. A majority of the guidance committee members must have appointments in the Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics.

 

The undergraduate program in animal science is designed to prepare students for a variety of careers by providing a strong basic science foundation paired with practical animal experience gained through the multiple farm facilities near campus.  Graduates may be employed in research, extension, agribusiness, finance, marketing, public relations, event or association management, farm ownership, and more.  Graduates often attend veterinary or graduate school as well.

All animal science students must complete a set of required core courses that include anatomy and physiology, nutrition, genetics, and management. These courses are taught using beef cattle, companion animals, dairy cattle, horses, poultry, and swine.  Additional courses are then added to allow students to personalize their program of study.  Scientific principles of biology and animal science are key components of the program although the animal science major also provides enough flexibility for students to choose a path that meets their needs and interest areas.  Students choose from one of the following concentrations as they plan their degree program: animal industry, companion and exotic animal biology, dairy industry, or animal biology/preveterinary.

The animal industry concentration is designed to prepare students for careers in managing animal operations. Marketing, sales, and production of animals and animal products offer numerous employment opportunities. The companion and exotic animal biology concentration prepares students for careers in the areas of small animal nutrition, pet food sales, and captive and small animal management. Students may also use their elective credits to complete the preveterinary requirements and apply to MSU’s College of Veterinary Medicine. The dairy industry concentration is designed to prepare students for careers in the dairy industry. Potential career opportunities include operating and managing dairy operations and working for dairy allied businesses in the areas of nutrition, reproduction, health, finance, and marketing. The animal biology/preveterinary concentration is designed for students who are interested in an advanced degree in animal science or a career in veterinary medicine. The requirements for admission to MSU’s College of Veterinary Medicine are included in the requirements for this concentration. Using electives, students may be able to complete requirements for other veterinary schools. Each veterinary school requires different courses for admission. It is the student’s responsibility to assess requirements and transferability of courses to the desired veterinary school.

Students who are enrolled in the Bachelor of Science degree program with a major in animal science may elect a Minor in Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology.  For additional information, refer to the Minor in Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology statement.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Animal Science

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Animal Science.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Animal Science major is met by completing one of the following courses:  Animal Science 301, 313, 314, 409, or 435. Those courses are referenced in item 3. a. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Animal Science major leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in the Department of Animal Science may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that consists of the following courses:  Biological Science 161 and 171, Chemistry 141, and Chemistry 143 or 251. The completion of Biological Science 171 satisfies the laboratory requirement. Biological Science 161 and 171, Chemistry 141, and Chemistry 143 or 251 may be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major referenced in item 3. below.
   
   The completion of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources mathematics requirement may also satisfy the University mathematics requirement.
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
3. The following requirements for the major:

   a.	All of the following courses (21 credits):
   	ANS	101	Professional Development in Animal Science I						1
   	ANS	110	Introductory Animal Agriculture						3
   	ANS	110L	Introductory Animal Agriculture Laboratory						1
   	ANS	210	Introduction to Disciplines in Animal Agriculture						3
   	ANS	301	Professional Development in Animal Science II						3
   	ANS	401	Ethical Issues in Animal Agriculture						1
   	BS	161	Cell and Molecular Biology						3
   	BS	171	Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory						2
   	CEM	141	General Chemistry						4
   b.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	STT	200	Statistical Methods						3
   	STT	201	Statistical Methods						4
   	STT	231	Statistics for Scientists						3
   	STT	421	Statistics I						3
   	STT	464	Statistics for Biologists						3
   c.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	CEM	143	Survey of Organic Chemistry						4
   	CEM	251	Organic Chemistry I						3
   d.	Two of the following introductory management courses (6 credits):
   	ANS	134	Dairy Production I						3
   	ANS	201	Animal Products						3
   	ANS	222	Introductory Beef Cattle Management						3
   	ANS	234	Dairy Production II						3
   	ANS	242	Introductory Horse Management						3
   	ANS	252	Introduction to Management of Avian Species						3
   	ANS	262	Introductory Sheep Management						3
   	ANS	272	Introductory Swine Management						3
   	ANS	282	Companion Animal Biology and Management						3
   e.	A minimum of 14 credits from the following introductory discipline courses:
   	ANS	305	Applied Animal Behavior						3
   	ANS	305L	Applied Animal Behavior Laboratory						1
   	ANS	307	Animal Reproduction						3
   	ANS	309	Animal Health and Disease Management						3
   	ANS	313	Principles of Animal Feeding and Nutrition (W)						4
   	ANS	314	Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animals						4
   	ANS	315	Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals						4
   	ANS	407	Food and Animal Toxicology						3
   f.	One of the following advanced management courses (3 credits):
   	ANS	334	Dairy Management I						3
   	ANS	422	Advanced Beef Cattle Feedlot Management						3
   	ANS	442	Advanced Horse Management						3
   	ANS	472	Advanced Swine Management						3
   	ANS	482	Advanced Companion Animal Management						3
   	FSC	432	Food Processing: Dairy Foods						3
   	FSC	433	Food Processing: Muscle Foods						3
   g.	A minimum of 2 credits in experiential learning:
   	ANS	300A	Advanced Livestock Judging						2
   	ANS	300C	Dairy Cattle Judging Team						2
   	ANS	300D	Advanced Horse Judging						2
   	ANS	300E	Animal Welfare Judging						2
   	ANS	300F	Dairy Challenge Experiences						2
   	ANS	480	Animal Systems in International Development						3
   	ANS	492	Undergraduate Research in Animal Science						3
   	ANS	493	Professional Internship in Animal Science						3
   	A minimum of 3 credits in a department-approved Education Abroad program
   h.	One of the following concentrations (20 to 40 credits):
   	Animal Industry (20 to 24 credits):
   	1.	The following courses (3 credits):
   		ANS	201	Animal Products					3
   		ANS 201 may not be used to fulfill requirement 3.d. above.
   	2.	One of the following courses (2 or 3 credits):
   		AFRE	203	Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System					3
   		CSS	110	Computer Applications in Agronomy					2
   	3.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		AFRE	100	Decision-making in the Agri-Food System					3
   		AFRE	130	Farm Management I					3
   	4.	One of the following advanced management courses (3 credits):
   		ANS	422	Advanced Beef Cattle Feedlot Management					3
   		ANS	434	Dairy Management II					3
   		ANS	442	Advanced Horse Management					3
   		ANS	472	Advanced Swine Management					3
   		ANS	482	Advanced Companion Animal Management					3
   		FSC	432	Food Processing: Dairy Foods					3
   		FSC	433	Food Processing: Muscle Foods					3
   		Courses used to fulfill this requirement may not be used to fulfill requirement 3. f. above.
   	5.	A minimum of 9 credits from the following courses:
   		ANS	211	Animal and Product Evaluation					3
   		ANS	305	Applied Animal Behavior					3
   		ANS	305L	Applied Animal Behavior Laboratory					1
   		ANS	307	Animal Reproduction					3
   		ANS	309	Animal Health and Disease Management					3
   		ANS	313	Principles of Animal Feeding and Nutrition (W)					4
   		ANS	314	Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animals (W)					4
   		ANS	315	Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals					4
   		ANS	404	Introduction to Quantitative Genetics					3
   		ANS	407	Food and Animal Toxicology					3
   		ANS	409	Problems, Controversies and Advancements in Reproduction (W)					4
   		ANS	413	Non-Ruminant Nutrition					4
   		ANS	418	Animal Agriculture and the Environment					3
   		ANS	425	Animal Biotechnology					3
   		ANS	427	Environmental Toxicology and Society					3
   		ANS	435	Mammary Physiology					4
   		ANS	445	Equine Exercise Physiology					4
   		ANS	455	Avian Physiology					4
   		ANS	483	Ruminant Nutrition					3
   		Courses used to fulfill this requirement may not be used to fulfill requirement 3. e. above.
   	Animal Biology and Preveterinary (32 to 39 credits):
   	1.	All of the following courses (11 credits):
   		BS	162	Organismal and Population Biology					3
   		BS	172	Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory					2
   		CEM	161	Chemistry Laboratory I					1
   		CEM	252	Organic Chemistry II					3
   		CEM	255	Organic Chemistry Laboratory					2
   	2.	One of the following courses (4 credits):
   		BMB	200	Introduction to Biochemistry					4
   		BMB	401	Comprehensive Biochemistry					4
   	3.	A minimum of 9 credits from the following courses:
   		ANS	404	Introduction to Quantitative Genetics					2
   		ANS	409	Problems, Controversies and Advancements in Reproduction (W)					4
   		ANS	413	Non-Ruminant Nutrition					4
   		ANS	418	Animal Agriculture and the Environment					3
   		ANS	425	Animal Biotechnology					3
   		ANS	427	Environmental Toxicology and Society					3
   		ANS	445	Equine Exercise Physiology					4
   		ANS	455	Avian Physiology					4
   		ANS	435	Mammary Physiology (W)					4
   		ANS	483	Ruminant Nutrition					3
   	4.	A minimum of 8 credits from the following courses:
   		ANS	305	Applied Animal Behavior					3
   		ANS	305L	Applied Animal Behavior Laboratory					1
   		ANS	307	Animal Reproduction					3
   		ANS	309	Animal Health and Disease Management					3
   		ANS	313	Principles of Animal Feeding and Nutrition (W)					4
   		ANS	314	Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animals (W)					4
   		ANS	315	Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals					4
   		IBIO	313	Animal Behavior					3
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics					4
   		MMG	301	Introductory Microbiology					3
   		MMG	302	Introductory Laboratory for General and Allied Health Microbiology					1
   		MMG	409	Eukaryotic Cell Biology					3
   		PHM	450	Introduction to Chemical Toxicology					3
   		PHY	231	Introductory Physics I					3
   		PHY	232	Introductory Physics II					3
   		PHY	251	Introductory Physics Laboratory I					1
   		PHY	252	Introductory Physics Laboratory II					1
   		Courses used to fulfill this requirement may not be used to fulfill requirement 3. e. above.
   	Companion and Exotic Animal Biology (30 to 33 credits)
   	1.	All of the following courses (17 credits):
   		ANS	482	Advanced Companion Animal Management					3
   		BS	162	Organismal and Population Biology					4
   		BS	172	Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory					2
   		CEM	252	Organic Chemistry II					3
   		CEM	255	Organic Chemistry Laboratory					2
   		IBIO	328	Comparative Anatomy and Biology of Vertebrates					4
   	2.	One of the following courses (4 credits):
   		BMB	200	Introduction to Biochemistry					4
   		BMB	401	Comprehensive Biochemistry					4
   	3.	A minimum of 9 credits from the following courses:
   		ANS	305	Applied Animal Behavior					3
   		ANS	305L	Applied Animal Behavior Laboratory					1
   		ANS	307	Animal Reproduction					3
   		ANS	309	Animal Health and Disease Management					3
   		ANS	313	Principles of Animal Feeding and Nutrition (W)					4
   		ANS	314	Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animals (W)					4
   		ANS	315	Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals					4
   		ANS	404	Introduction to Quantitative Genetics					3
   		ANS	407	Food and Animal Toxicology					3
   		ANS	409	Problems, Controversies and Advancements in Reproduction (W)					4
   		ANS	413	Non-Ruminant Nutrition					4
   		ANS	418	Animal Agriculture and the Environment					3
   		ANS	425	Animal Biotechnology					3
   		ANS	427	Environmental Toxicology and Society					3
   		ANS	435	Mammary Physiology (W)					4
   		ANS	445	Equine Exercise Physiology					4
   		ANS	455	Avian Physiology					4
   		ANS	483	Ruminant Nutrition					3
   		IBIO	313	Animal Behavior					3
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics					4
   		IBIO	355	Ecology					3
   		IBIO	368	Zoo Animal Biology and Conservation					3
   		IBIO	369	Introduction to Zoo and Aquarium Science					3
   		Courses used to fulfill this requirement may not be used to fulfill requirement 3. e. above.
   	Dairy Industry (38 to 40 credits):
   	1.	All of the following courses (24 credits):
   		ANS	134	Dairy Production I					3
   		ANS	234	Dairy Production II					3
   		ANS	334	Dairy Management I					3
   		ANS	434	Dairy Management II					3
   		AFRE	130	Farm Management I					3
   		AFRE	203	Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System					3
   		AFRE	430	Farm Management II					3
   		ACC	230	Survey of Accounting Concepts					3
   		ANS 234 may not be used to fulfill requirement 3.d. above.
   	2.	Choose a minimum of 8 credits from the following courses:
   		ANS	200C	Dairy Cattle Genetics and Evaluation					2
   		ANS	233	Dairy Feed Management					3
   		ANS	235	Dairy Herd Reproduction					2
   		ANS	235L	Dairy Herd Reproduction Laboratory					2
   		ANS	238	Dairy Cattle Health Management					3
   	3.	Choose a minimum of 6 credits from the following courses:
   		AFRE	232	Commodity Marketing I					3
   		AFRE	315	Labor and Personnel Management in the Agri-Food System					3
   		AFRE	435	Financial  Management in the Agri-Food System					3
   		ANS	409	Problems, Controversies, and Advancement in Reproduction (W)					4
   		ANS	418	Animal Agriculture and the Environment					3
   		ANS	435	Mammary Physiology (W)					3
   		ANS	483	Ruminant Nutrition					3
   		FSC	432	Food Processing: Dairy Foods					3
   		FSC 432 may not be used to fulfill requirement 3.f. above.

Programs of study are based on the strengths of the department and the goals of individual students. Although individual students' programs vary, all graduate programs in animal science are designed to:

1. Provide a strong foundation in biological science and an in–depth knowledge of a specific biological discipline of importance to animal agriculture.
2. Develop creative potential and foster independent thought.
3. Improve technical skills.
4. Provide the foundation for effective, independent careers in extension, research, teaching, or agribusiness.

The department offers the following areas of specialization within the field of animal science: quantitative genetics, systems science, nutrition, physiology of growth, lactation and reproduction, microbiology, molecular biology, toxicology, and livestock and farm management.  Research for theses or dissertations may focus on beef or dairy cattle, sheep, swine, horses, poultry, or fur–bearing and laboratory species.  Modern animal, computer, and library facilities support research.

Students who are enrolled in the Master of Science degree program in the Department of Animal Science may elect a Specialization in Environmental Toxicology.  For additional information, refer to the Graduate Specialization in Environmental Toxicology statement.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the student must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

To be admitted to the master's or doctoral degree program in animal science, students must have a bachelor's degree in animal science or in a related biological science.  To enroll in advanced courses in animal science and supporting sciences, students should have completed courses that establish principles in animal science and in basic physical and biological sciences pertinent to the area of specialization within the field of animal science that the student chooses.  In some cases, students may need to complete collateral courses in addition to the courses that are required for the graduate degree. Applicants will be evaluated for admission based on academic record, research and work experience, professional goals, and letters of reference. All applicants are required to submit scores from the General Test of the Graduate Record Examination.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Animal Science

The student may elect either Plan A (with thesis) or Plan B (without thesis).  A minimum of 30 credits is required for the degree under either Plan A or Plan B. The student's major professor and guidance committee must approve the student's program of study, including thesis research for students under Plan A.

Requirements for Both Plan A and Plan B

1. Complete a set of courses related to one of the areas of specialization within the field of animal science, as approved by the major professor and guidance committee.

Additional Requirements for Plan A

1. Complete 6 to 10 credits in ANS 899 Master's Thesis Research.
2. Complete a written thesis and present it publicly at a departmental seminar prior to graduation.
3. Pass a final oral examination in defense of the thesis before the guidance committee that occurs immediately after the public seminar at which the thesis is presented.

Additional Requirements for Plan B

1. Complete no more than 6 credits in ANS 898 Master's Research.
2. Complete a project and present it publicly at a departmental seminar prior to graduation.
3. Pass a final examination or evaluation before the guidance committee that occurs immediately after the public seminar at which the project is presented.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Animal Science

In cooperation with the student's major professor, the student plans a program of study that includes courses related to one of the areas of specialization within the field of animal science referenced above, seminars, and teaching experience.  The student's major professor and guidance committee must approve the student's program of study, including dissertation research.

The Minor in Technology Systems Management, which is administered by the Departments of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, serves students interested in technology for management decision support who are pursuing careers in agriculture and natural resources. The minor provides an opportunity to gain a working knowledge of technologies necessary to monitor and manage aspects of food, agriculture, and natural resource systems.

The minor is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs at Michigan State University. With the approval of the department and college that administers the student’s degree program, the courses that are used to satisfy the minor may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the bachelor’s degree.

Students who plan to complete the requirements for the minor should consult an undergraduate advisor in the Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering to have their program of study approved in advance and in writing.

Requirements for the Minor in Technology Systems Management

Students must complete a minimum of 15 credits from the following:

Biosystems engineers apply the basic sciences, mathematics, engineering sciences, and technology to design sustainable solutions to problems with a critical biological component. Biosystems engineers work to ensure an adequate and safe food supply while efficiently utilizing natural resources and protecting the environment. Specific application areas include food and biomass production systems, food processing systems, processing systems for utilization and conversion of biological products, water and waste management systems, natural resource and environmental protection, and a range of other biological challenges that require engineering expertise.

The department offers both Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degree programs with majors in biosystems engineering.

Master of Science

The Master of Science degree program in biosystems engineering is designed to prepare graduates for advanced career opportunities that require disciplinary expertise beyond that available in the Bachelor of Science degree. The program is available under Plan A (thesis) and Plan B (without thesis). Plan A introduces the student to research methods, and the student is expected to execute, analyze, and publish an original research project under the guidance of an advisor. Plan B is suited for those who do not plan a research-related career, but desire additional skills and knowledge obtained through advanced course work.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

To be considered for admission to the Master of Science degree program in biosystems engineering, an applicant must take the Graduate Record Examination General Test and have the scores sent to the department.

Regular Status.  Admission to the master's degree program in biosystems engineering with regular status may be granted by the department, subject to the availability of resources and to the approval of the dean, upon consideration of the likelihood that the applicant will be able to complete a master's degree program successfully. To be admitted to the master's program in biosystems engineering, an applicant must have:

1. A grade–point average not lower than 3.00 for the final two years of the undergraduate program, or standing in the upper quarter of the graduating class in the student's major.
2. A bachelor’s degree, either:
   1. from an accredited program in engineering, or
   2. from a related science-oriented program in which the applicant has shown very high academic  achievement, as certified by the department.

An applicant without an engineering degree must demonstrate the abilities and experience necessary to succeed in the core courses, Biosystems Engineering 815, 825, and 835. The student must complete, previously, or within the master’s program, a significant engineering design experience.

Provisional Status.  Admission to the master's degree program in biosystems engineering with provisional status may be granted by the department, subject to the approval of the dean:

1. To an applicant qualified for regular admission except that collateral courses are deemed necessary, or
2. To an applicant whose record is incomplete.

If collateral courses are required, the minimum acceptable grades and the semesters by which those courses must be completed will be specified on the admission form.  Biosystems Engineering 490 and 890 may not be used to satisfy collateral course requirements. 

The provisional status will be changed to regular status when the conditions specified on the admission form have been met, as certified by the department and approved by the dean.

Registration as a Professional Engineer

Students who wish to satisfy the requirements of the State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers should consult with the Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering.

Program Filing

The student's program of study must be approved before the student completes 6 credits of graduate work in order for the student to continue to enroll in the master's degree program.

The subject matter and instructor must be specified for every independent study, special problems, or selected topics course that is included in the student's approved program of study.

Modification of Program

After the Plan A or Plan B option has been selected by the student and approved, the student may not pursue the other option without approval of the department.

The following changes are not permitted in a student's approved program of study:

1. Adding or deleting a course for which a grade has already been assigned under any of the three grading systems (numerical, Pass–No Grade, or Credit–No Credit).
2. Adding or deleting a course for which grading was postponed by the use of the DF–Deferred marker.
3. Adding or deleting a course which the student dropped after the middle of the semester and for which “W” or “N” or “0.0" was designated.
4. Adding or deleting a course during the final semester of enrollment in the master's degree program.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Biosystems Engineering

The program is available under both Plan A (with thesis) and Plan B (without thesis). The student's program of study must be developed in consultation with the major professor, must be approved by the department, and must meet the requirements specified below:

Academic Standards

1. Grades.  The student must earn a grade of 2.0 or higher in each course in the approved program of study.  The student must repeat any course in the approved program for which the grade earned was below 2.0.
2. Cumulative Grade–Point Average.  The student must maintain a cumulative grade–point average of at least 3.00 in the courses in the approved program of study.
3. Probational Status.  A student is placed on probational status if the student's cumulative grade–point average for the courses in the approved program of study is below 3.00.  A student in probational status is not allowed to carry more than 7 credits per semester or to enroll in any course the primary focus of which is independent study.
4. Retention In and Dismissal From the Program.
   1. Cumulative Grade–Point Average.  Should a student's cumulative grade–point average fall below 3.00 after having completed 16 or more credits in courses in the approved program of study, the student may be enrolled in probational status in the master's degree program for one additional semester.  If at the end of the additional semester the student's cumulative grade–point average is 3.00 or higher, the student may continue to enroll in the master's degree program.  If at the end of the additional semester the student's cumulative grade–point average is still below 3.00, the student will be dismissed from the program.
   2. Academic Progress and Professional Potential.  Each student's academic progress and professional potential are evaluated by March 15 of each year.  A student who in the judgment of the faculty is making satisfactory academic progress and has professional potential may continue to enroll in the master's degree program. A student who in the judgment of the faculty is not making satisfactory academic progress or lacks professional potential will be dismissed from the program.

Transfer Credits

As a member of the Michigan Coalition for Engineering Education (MCEE), Michigan State University will accept up to one less than half of the course credits required for the Master of Science degree program in Biosystems Engineering in transfer from other MCEE member institutions provided that (1) the student earned a grade of at least 3.0, or the equivalent, in the related courses; (2) the credits were not earned in research or thesis courses; and (3) the related courses are acceptable to the department.

For information about transfer credits from institutions that are not members of the MCEE, refer to the statement on MASTER'S PROGRAMS, Transfer Credits, in the Graduate Education section of this catalog.

The Doctor of Philosophy degree in Biosystems Engineering is designed to prepare graduates for advanced careers that require demonstrated research skills and comprehensive knowledge of the discipline. The program is suitable only for those students who have shown outstanding ability and potential in the field, either by high quality work in a Master of Science degree or by exceptional achievement in a Bachelor of Science degree and additional technical and professional accomplishments. During teaching and training experiences, the student is expected to demonstrate in-depth and comprehensive knowledge of the discipline and skills essential to the dissemination of that knowledge. Additionally, the student must be able to plan, conduct, manage, and publish independent, original research via the dissertation and peer-reviewed manuscripts.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

To be considered for admission to the Doctor of Philosophy degree program in biosystems engineering, an applicant must take the Graduate Record Examination General Test and have the scores sent to the department.

Regular Status.  Admission to the doctoral degree program in biosystems engineering with regular status may be granted by the department, subject to the availability of resources and to the approval of the dean.

To be admitted to the doctoral program in biosystems engineering, an applicant should have a master's degree and must:

1. Have either a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering or a master's degree in engineering.
2. Demonstrate evidence of ability and resolution to complete a doctoral program, as attested by the department upon review of the applicant's academic record, test scores, experience, reference statements, professional qualifications, proposed studies, and other relevant information.

Admission to the doctoral program without a master's degree, or the equivalent thereof, requires special approval by the department and the dean.

Provisional Status.  Admission to the doctoral degree program in biosystems engineering with provisional status may be granted by the department, subject to the approval of the dean:

1. To an applicant qualified for regular admission except that collateral courses are deemed necessary, or
2. To an applicant whose record is incomplete.

A student who is admitted to the Doctor of Philosophy degree program without a Master of Science degree in engineering may be required to complete collateral courses, in addition to the courses that are required for the doctoral degree. If collateral courses are required, they will be specified on the admission form.   Biosystems Engineering 490 and 890 may not be used to satisfy collateral course requirements.

The provisional status will be changed to regular status when the conditions specified on the admission form have been met, as determined by the department and approved by the dean.

Guidance Committee

The student's guidance committee consists of at least four regular faculty members and is appointed by the department chairperson in consultation with the student and the appropriate faculty members, and with the approval of the dean.  At least two members of the guidance committee shall be from the Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering and at least one member shall be from a different department preferably in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources or the College of Engineering.  The chairperson of the guidance committee will be appointed by the department chairperson after consultation with the student and the person recommended to chair the committee.

Guidance Committee Report

The student's program of study shall be submitted for approval to the Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering and to the dean by no later than the end of the student's second semester of enrollment in the doctoral program. The subject matter and instructor must be specified for every independent study, special problems, or selected topics course that is included in the student's approved program of study.

The student's program of study must be approved in order for the student to continue to enroll in the doctoral degree program beyond the second semester.

Modification of Program

The following changes are not permitted in a student's approved program of study:

1. Adding or deleting a course for which a grade has already been assigned under any of the three grading systems (numerical, Pass–No Grade, or Credit–No Credit).
2. Adding or deleting a course for which grading was postponed by the use of the DF–Deferred marker.
3. Adding or deleting a course which the student dropped after the middle of the semester and for which “W” or “N” or “0.0" was designated.
4. Adding or deleting a course during the final semester of enrollment in the doctoral degree program.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Biosystems Engineering

The student must:

Academic Standards

1. Grades.  The student must earn a grade of 2.0 or higher in each course in the approved guidance committee report, including collateral courses and courses accepted in transfer.  The student must repeat any course on the approved program for which the grade earned was below 2.0.
2. Cumulative Grade–Point Average. The student must maintain a cumulative grade–point average of at least 3.00 in courses in the approved guidance committee report, with the exception of collateral courses and courses accepted in transfer.
3. Deferred Grades. A student may accumulate no more than three deferred grades (identified by the DF–Deferred marker) in courses other than independent study.
4. Probational Status.  A student is placed on probational status if either or both of the following conditions apply.
   1. The student's cumulative grade–point average for the courses in the approved guidance committee report is below 3.00.
   2. The student has accumulated more than three deferred grades (identified by the DF–Deferred marker) in courses other than those courses the primary focus of which is independent study
      
      A student in probational status is not allowed to carry more than 7 credits per semester or to enroll in any course the primary focus of which is independent study.
5. Retention In and Dismissal From the Program.
   1. Cumulative Grade–point Average.  Should a student's cumulative grade–point average fall below 3.00 after having completed half of the courses in the approved guidance committee report, the student may be enrolled in probational status in the doctoral degree program for one additional semester.  If at the end of the additional semester the student's cumulative grade–point average is 3.00 or higher, the student may continue to enroll in the doctoral degree program.  If at the end of the additional semester the student's cumulative grade–point average is still below 3.00, the student will be dismissed from the program.
   2. Deferred Grades.  Should a student accumulate more than three deferred grades (identified by the DF–Deferred marker) in courses other than independent study, the student may be enrolled on probational status in the doctoral degree program for one additional semester.  If at the end of the additional semester the student has no more than three deferred grades, the student may continue to enroll in the doctoral degree program.  If at the end of the additional semester the student still has more than three deferred grades, the student will be dismissed from the program.
   3. Academic Progress and Professional Potential.  Each student's academic progress and professional potential are evaluated spring semester of each year.  A student who in the judgment of the faculty is making satisfactory academic progress and has professional potential may continue to enroll in the doctoral degree program. A student who in the judgment of the faculty is not making satisfactory academic progress or lacks professional potential will be dismissed from the program.

The Bachelor of Science Degree in Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education is designed to prepare students for careers as school-based agriculture, food and natural resources teachers at the secondary-level, careers in agricultural and natural resource education fields, or for professional or graduate studies.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education

1. The University requirements for bachelor’s degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education.
   
   The University’s Tier II writing requirement for the Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources major is met by completing Community Sustainability 301. That course is referenced in item 3. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Education major leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in the Department of Community Sustainability may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that consists of the following courses: Biological Science 162 and 172, and Chemistry 141. The completion of Biological Science 172 satisfies the laboratory requirement. Biological Science 162 and 172, and Chemistry 141 may be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major referenced in item 3. below.
   
   The completion of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources mathematics requirements may also satisfy the University mathematics requirement.
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree. Certain courses referenced in item 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
   1. The following requirements for the major:

      a.	All of the following courses (61 credits):
      	ANS	110	Introductory Animal Agriculture				3
      	BS	161	Cell and Molecular Biology				3
      	BS	162	Organismal and Population Biology				3
      	BS	172	Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory				2
      	CEM	141	General Chemistry				4
      	CEP	240	Diverse Learners in Multicultural Perspective				3
      	CSS	101	Introduction to Crop Science				3
      	CSS	210	Fundamentals of Soil Science				3
      	CSUS	200	Introduction to Sustainability				3
      	CSUS	222A	Seminar in Instructional Theory I - Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education				1
      	CSUS	222B	Seminar in Instructional Theory II - Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education				1
      	CSUS	222C	Seminar in Instructional Theory III - Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education				1
      	CSUS	300	Theoretical Foundations of Sustainability				3
      	CSUS	301	Community Engagement for Sustainability (W)				3
      	CSUS	316	Campus Apprenticeship in Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Education				3
      	CSUS	317	Foundations of Teaching Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources				3
      	CSUS	343	Community Food and Agriculture Systems				3
      	CSUS	493	Professional Internship in Community Sustainability				6
      	FOR	202	Introduction to Forestry				3
      	HRT	203	Introduction to Horticulture				3
      	IBIO	355	Ecology				3
      	IBIO	355L	Ecology Laboratory (W)				1
      b.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
      	AFRE	100	Decision-making in the Agri-Food System				3
      	AFRE	130	Farm Management I				3
      c.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
      	CSUS	464	Environmental and Natural Resource Policy in Michigan				3
      	CSUS	465	Environmental and Natural Resource Law				3
      d.	All of the following courses for students admitted into the secondary teacher education program (12 credits):
      	CSUS	417	Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Apprenticeship/Clinical Experience				3
      	CSUS	817	Instructional Design and Assessment in Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Education				3
      	CSUS	818	Theory and Practice of Program Planning in Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Education				3
      	CSUS	819	Instructional Theory and Practice in Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Education				3
      e.	All of the following courses for students not pursuing secondary teacher education certification (12 credits):
      	CSUS	430	Non-Profit Organizational Management for Community Sustainability				3
      	CSUS	433	Grant Writing and Fund Development				3
      	An additional 6 credits of electives approved by the student’s academic advisor.

The Department of Community Sustainability offers a Bachelor of Science degree program with a major in Environmental Studies and Sustainability. This program of study is concerned with who uses natural resources, how they use them, and how positive outcomes of use can be enhanced and negative impacts can be mitigated. It examines resource use and allocation through the lenses of community engagement, sustainability and environmental justice. Students benefit from a broad range of interdisciplinary courses, as well as disciplinary and methods courses carefully selected to enhance students’ technical knowledge. Professional internship, and education abroad experiences are encouraged to provide students with experiences beyond the classroom and the university campus. Graduates of this program will be prepared to enter professions in environmental, natural resource, agricultural and community development fields through careers in education, government, private industry, non-profit organizations, and public relations and communications or enter a professional or graduate school program.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Environmental Studies and Sustainability

1. The University requirements for bachelor’s degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog: 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Studies and Sustainability.
   
   The University’s Tier II writing requirement for the Environmental Studies and Sustainability major is met by completing Community Sustainability 301. That course is referenced in item 3. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Environmental Studies and Sustainability major leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in the Department of Community Sustainability may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that consists of the following courses: Biological Science 162 and 172, and Chemistry 141. The completion of Biological Science 172 satisfies the laboratory requirement. Biological Science 162 and 172, and Chemistry 141 may be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major referenced in item 3. below.
   
   The completion of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources mathematics requirement may also satisfy the University mathematics requirement.
2. The requirements for the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
3. The following requirements for the major (64 to 66 credits):

   a.	All of the following Science Foundations courses (15 credits):
   	BS	161	Cell and Molecular Biology						3
   	BS	162	Organismal and Population Biology						3
   	BS	172	Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory						2
   	CEM	141	General Chemistry						4
   	IBIO	355	Ecology						3
   b.	One of the following Applied Earth Sciences courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	CSS	210	Fundamentals of Soil Science						3
   	GEO	206	Physical Geography						3
   	GLG	201	The Dynamic Earth						4
   c.	All of the following Community Sustainability Core courses (16 credits):
   	CSUS	200	Introduction to Sustainability						3
   	CSUS	221	Seminar in Environmental and Sustainability Careers						1
   	CSUS	300	Theoretical Foundations of Sustainability						3
   	CSUS	301	Community Engagement for Sustainability (W)						3
   	CSUS	310	History of Environmental Thought and Sustainability						3
   	CSUS	400	Topics in Environmental Justice						3
   d.	One of the following Intermediate Energy, Water, Land courses (3 credits):
   	CSUS	259	Sustainable Energy and Society						3
   	CSUS	320	Environmental Planning and Management						3
   	CSUS	354	Water Resources Management						3
   e.	One of the following Advanced Energy, Water, Land courses (3 credits):
   	CSUS	426	Conservation Planning and Adaptive Management						3
   	CSUS	453	Watershed Planning and Management						3
   	CSUS	459	Clean Energy System Policy						3
   f.	Two of the following Community Sustainability Intermediate Electives (6 credits):
   	CSUS	215	International Development and Sustainability						3
   	CSUS	265	Exploring Environmental and Sustainability Issues and Policy Using Film						3
   	CSUS	273	Introduction to Travel and Tourism						3
   	CSUS	276	Sustaining our National Parks and Recreation Lands						3
   	GEO	221	Introduction to Geographic Information						3
   g.	Two of the following Community Sustainability Advanced Electives (6 or 7 credits):
   	CSUS	343	Community Food and Agricultural Systems						3
   	CSUS	431	Interpretation and Visitor Information Systems						3
   	CSUS	445	Community-Based Environmental and Sustainability Education						3
   	CSUS	473	Social Entrepreneurship for Community Sustainability						3
   	CSUS	476	Natural Resource Recreation Management						4
   h.	Two of the following Administration and Leadership courses (6 credits):
   	CSUS	322	Leadership for Community Sustainability						3
   	CSUS	429	Program Evaluation for Community Sustainability						3
   	CSUS	430	Non-Profit Organizational Management for Community Sustainability						3
   	CSUS	433	Grant Writing and Fund Development						3
   i.	One of the following Policy and Law courses: (3 credits)
   	CSUS	464	Environmental and Natural Resource Policy in Michigan						3
   	CSUS	465	Environmental and Natural Resource Law						3
   j.	A minimum of 3 credits in one of the following courses:
   	CSUS	418	Community Sustainability Study Abroad						3 to 6
   	CSUS	419	International Studies in Community Sustainability						3 to 12
   	CSUS	493	Professional Internship in Community Sustainability						3 to 6
   	Students may substitute another appropriate course with approval of the department.

The Department of Community Sustainability offers a Bachelor of Science degree in Sustainable Parks, Recreation and Tourism. By combining a body of specialized professional knowledge with the study of natural, social, management and behavioral sciences, the program provides an opportunity for students to obtain a broad, interdisciplinary education which emphasizes a professional area of knowledge integrated with the tenets of sustainability. The major is designed to prepare students for professional positions related to the management and enjoyment of the outdoors. Such positions include management of public parks, forests and protected areas, non-profit lands and facilities such as camps, and commercial enterprises that provide goods and services to outdoor enthusiasts. Meeting people’s outdoor leisure needs, enhancing the quality of life, and providing sustainable economic and social development are hallmarks of the major.

Students in the Sustainable Parks, Recreation and Tourism major will acquire an understanding of natural resource recreation and tourism that integrates sustainability and effectively links theory with practice while engaging the community. This includes the concepts of leisure, tourism, recreation and sustainability, as well as operation of recreation delivery systems, policy, administration, management, planning and evaluation.

Government, non-profit and for-profit entities offer a variety of career opportunities in the parks, recreation and tourism field. These opportunities include careers in park and land management, recreation and conservation law enforcement, nature and cultural interpretation, non-profit camp and adventure organization management, commercial recreation enterprise management of cruise ships, resorts, marinas, adventure travel firms, outfitting and guiding services and in coordinating and promoting tourism systems at from the local, state and federal levels through convention and visitor bureaus, chambers of commerce, economic development organizations and industry associations. Graduates are also well prepared for graduate studies relating to the park, recreation and tourism field, as well as a broad range of social and natural science disciplines.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Sustainable Parks, Recreation and Tourism

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Sustainable Parks, Recreation and Tourism.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Sustainable Parks, Recreation and Tourism major is met by completing Community Sustainability 301. That course is referenced in item 3. below.
   
   The completion of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources mathematics requirement may also satisfy the University mathematics requirement.
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
3. The following requirements for the major:

   a.	All of the following courses (12 to 15 credits):
   	CSUS	200	Introduction to Sustainability				3
   	CSUS	300	Theoretical Foundations of Sustainability				3
   	CSUS	301	Community Engagement for Sustainability (W)				3
   	CSUS	493	Professional Internship in Community Sustainability				3 to 6
   b.	Six of the following courses (18 or 19 credits):
   	CSUS	273	Introduction to Travel and Tourism				3
   	CSUS	276	Sustaining Our National Parks and Recreation Lands				3
   	CSUS	430	Non-Profit Organizational Management for Community Sustainability				3
   	CSUS	433	Grant Writing and Fund Development				3
   	CSUS	473	Social Entrepreneurship for Community Sustainability				3
   	CSUS	474	Advanced Topics in Tourism Management				3
   	CSUS	476	Natural Resource Recreation Management				4
   c.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	FOR	419	Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Natural Resources Management				4
   	GEO	221	Introduction to Geographic Information				3
   d.	Five of the following courses (14 or 15 credits):
   	ACC	230	Survey of Accounting Concepts				3
   	CSS	210	Fundamentals of Soil Science				3
   	CSUS	310	History of Environmental Thought and Sustainability				3
   	CSUS	354	Water Resources Management				3
   	CSUS	429	Program Evaluation for Community Sustainability				3
   	CSUS	431	Interpretation and Visitor Information Systems				3
   	CSUS	445	Community-Based Environmental and Sustainability Education				3
   	CSUS	464	Environmental and Natural Resource Policy in Michigan				3
   	CSUS	465	Environmental and Natural Resource Law				3
   	EEM	255	Ecological Economics				3
   	FI	320	Introduction to Finance				3
   	FOR	215	Introduction to Wildland Fire				2
   	GBL	323	Introduction to Business Law				3
   	HB	100	Introduction to Hospitality Business				2
   	HB	237	Hospitality Lodging Systems				3
   	HB	267	Management of Food and Beverage Systems				3
   	MGT	325	Management Skills and Processes				3
   	MKT	327	Introduction to Marketing				3

The Minor in Sustainable Natural Resource Recreation Management is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs at Michigan State University. Focusing on the management of people, facilities, natural resources and organizations that provide natural resource recreation opportunities, it targets students considering careers in public land management, commercial recreation enterprises, non-profit resource based camps and educational facilities, rural community development, forestry, fisheries, wildlife, criminal justice (conservation/recreation law enforcement), landscape architecture, environmental policy or agriculture. The minor offers students the opportunity to integrate knowledge of social, biological and physical sciences, natural resources and ecosystems to sustainably manage for outcomes that include outdoor recreation.

With the approval of the department that administers the student’s degree program, courses that are used to satisfy the requirements for the minor may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the bachelor’s degree.

Requirements for the Minor in Sustainable Natural Resource Recreation Management

The student must meet the requirements specified below:

The Master of Arts in Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education is designed for persons who seek to acquire advanced professional knowledge related to agriculture, food and natural resources in educational settings. This master’s program consists of practice-centered inquiry in professional, interdisciplinary, and foundational studies of agriculture, food and natural resources, and inquiry in educational settings. This program is designed for certified teachers and other educators who wish to continue their professional studies in agriculture, food and natural resources education.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Applications for admission to the master's program are reviewed by faculty who look for evidence of appropriate preparation for advanced interdisciplinary and professional study at the master's level and the likelihood of academic success, as indicated by an applicant's prior educational record, work experience, statement of professional goals, and letters of recommendation. Collateral courses may be required to overcome deficiencies in addition to the requirements for the master’s degree. Collateral course work will not count towards the master’s degree.

Requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Education

A minimum of 30 credits is required for the degree under Plan B (without thesis). The student’s program of study must be developed in cooperation with and approved by the student’s guidance committee and must include the requirements specified below.
 

The Master of Science in Community Sustainability provides students with opportunities to engage in integrated and applied research and acquire professional skills.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below. Students may not be admitted to both the Master of Science degree in Community Sustainability and the Master of Science degree in Sustainable Tourism and Protected Area Management.

Admission

Applicants must have completed a bachelor’s degree or comparable degree requirements from an educational institution. Relevant experience and strong academic backgrounds in the natural, physical, or social sciences are encouraged for applicants to the Master of Science in Community Sustainability. All applicants for admission are required to submit scores from the General Test of the Graduate Record Examination. Collateral courses may be required to overcome deficiencies in addition to the requirements for the master’s degree. Collateral course work will not count toward the master’s degree.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Community Sustainability

The student may elect either Plan A (with thesis) or Plan B (without thesis). Plan A emphasizes integrated and applied research and is designed as the foundation for doctoral study. Plan B focuses on the acquisition of well-defined professional skills, appropriate for a terminal degree and for professional employment.

A minimum of 30 credits is required for the degree under Plan A and Plan B. The student’s program of study must be developed in cooperation with and approved by the student’s guidance committee and must include the requirements specified below.

The Doctor of Philosophy in Community Sustainability is designed to enable students to generate new knowledge in complementary fields responsive to rapidly changing conditions in our natural environment and agricultural systems.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

To be admitted to the Doctor of Philosophy degree program in Community Sustainability a student must have completed a master’s degree. Relevant experience and strong academic backgrounds in the natural, physical, or social sciences, including independent research experience, are strongly encouraged. All applicants are required to submit scores from the General Test of the Graduate Record Examination. Collateral courses may be required to overcome deficiencies in addition to the requirements for the doctoral degree. Collateral course work will not count towards the doctoral degree.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Community Sustainability

The Master of Science degree in Sustainable Tourism and Protected Area Management provides students with opportunities to engage in integrated and applied research and to acquire professional skills for the study, management, administration and planning of tourism and protected areas under the overarching concept of community sustainability.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below. Students may not be admitted to both the Master of Science degree in Community Sustainability and the Master of Science degree in Sustainable Tourism and Protected Area Management.

Admission

Applicants must have completed a bachelor’s degree or comparable degree requirements from an educational institution. Relevant experience and strong academic background in the natural, physical, or social sciences are encouraged. Applicants are required to submit scores from the General Test of the Graduate Record Examination. Collateral courses may be required to overcome deficiencies in addition to the requirements for the master’s degree. Collateral course work will not count towards the master’s degree.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Sustainable Tourism and Protected Area Management
  
The student may elect either Plan A (with thesis) or Plan B (without thesis). Plan A emphasizes integrated and applied research and is designed as the foundation for doctoral study. Plan B focuses on the acquisition of well-defined professional skills, appropriate for a terminal degree and for professional employment and development. A minimum of 30 credits is required for the degree under Plan A or Plan B. The student’s program of study must be developed in cooperation with and approved by the student’s guidance committee and must include the requirements specified below.

The Doctor of Philosophy degree in Sustainable Tourism and Protected Area Management is designed to enable students to generate new knowledge in the complementary fields of tourism and protected area management under the overarching concept of community sustainability.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

To be admitted to the Doctor of Philosophy degree program in Sustainable Tourism and Protected Area Management, a student must have completed a master’s degree in any field. Relevant experience and strong academic backgrounds in the natural, physical, or social sciences, including independent research experience, are strongly encouraged. All applicants are required to submit scores from the General Test of the Graduate Record Examination.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Sustainable Tourism and Protected Area Management

The student’s program of study must be developed in cooperation with and approved by the student’s guidance committee and must include the requirements specified below:

The undergraduate program in Entomology leads to the Bachelor of Science degree. Courses are designed to give the student an understanding of the structure, classification, identification, function, biology, ecology, and management of beneficial and harmful arthropods, and the communities and ecosystems where insects occur. 

There are opportunities for undergraduate Entomology students to carry out research projects in department laboratories.  Students may also gain work experience in the diverse areas of entomology through employment. Internships and study abroad opportunities are also available, and are strongly encouraged.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Entomology

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Entomology.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Entomology major is met by completing Entomology 479. This course is referenced in item 3. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Entomology major may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences by completing Entomology’s mathematics and chemistry requirements and Biological Science 162. These courses meet the laboratory requirement.
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   The credits earned in certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
3. The following major requirements:

   a.	All of the following courses (47 credits):
   	BS	161	Cell and Molecular Biology				3
   	BS	162	Organismal and Population Biology				3
   	BS	172	Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory				2
   	CEM	141	General Chemistry				4
   	CEM	143	Survey of Organic Chemistry				4
   	CEM	161	Chemistry Laboratory I				1
   	CSS	210	Fundamentals of Soil Science				3
   	ENT	404	Fundamentals of Entomology				3
   	ENT	479	Organic Pest Management (W)				3
   	GEO	221	Introduction to Geographic Information				3
   	GEO	221L	Introduction to Geographic Information Laboratory				1
   	IBIO	355	Ecology				3
   	IBIO	355L	Ecology Laboratory (W)				1
   	MTH	124	Survey of Calculus I				3
   	PHY	231	Introductory Physics I				3
   	PHY	232	Introductory Physics II				3
   	PHY	251	Introductory Physics Laboratory I				1
   	PLB	218	Plants of Michigan				3
   b.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   	MTH	126	Survey of Calculus II				3
   	STT	421	Statistics I				3
   	Higher equivalent course substitutions may be made for Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics courses with advisor approval.
   c.	A minimum of 16 credits of course work in entomology as approved by the student's academic advisor.

The Minor in Entomology, which is administered by the Department of Entomology, is designed to serve students in other fields who desire additional training in the insect sciences. It provides an introduction to a range of entomological knowledge, including insect identification, ecology, and management.

The minor is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs at Michigan State University other than the Bachelor of Science Degree in Entomology.  With the approval of the department and college that administers the student’s degree program, the courses that are used to satisfy the minor may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the bachelor’s degree.

Students who plan to complete the requirements for the minor should consult an undergraduate advisor in Entomology.

Requirements for the Minor in Entomology

Complete 15 credits from the following:

Faculty and facilities are available for study in many subject areas, including apiculture and pollination, aquatic systems, behavior, insect biochemistry, biological control, bionomics, ecology, insect economics, forest entomology, medical entomology, morphology, nematology, population dynamics, insect physiology, pest management on many kinds of crops, plant disease vectors, systematics, systems science, environmental and analytical toxicology, and urban and ornamental entomology. Combinations of many of these specialized subject areas are necessary for all programs of study. Regardless of specialization, the student's education must provide broad training in related sciences.
Graduate students in entomology look forward chiefly to college teaching; research work in some of the many areas where insects affect our crops and our lives; professional employment with state, federal, or private agencies or companies; or employment as pest management consultants.

Master of Science

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

A bachelor's degree with a 3.00 grade–point average for the last two years of study is required for admission to the master's program. Although the applicant need not have an undergraduate major in entomology for regular admission, training should have been received in the physical and biological sciences equivalent to that required of an undergraduate entomology major at Michigan State University. Students without a general entomology background should complete ENT 404 Fundamentals of Entomology during their first year. Graduate Record Examination General Test scores are required. Applicants with a good academic record but with deficiencies in physics, chemistry, mathematics, or the biological sciences may be accepted on a provisional basis until deficiencies have been rectified by collateral course work. 

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Entomology

The master’s degree program in entomology is available under either Plan A (with thesis) or Plan B (without thesis). A total of 30 credits is required for the degree under Plan A or Plan B. The student’s program of study must be approved by either the student’s guidance committee (Plan A) or the student’s major professor (Plan B) and is planned on an individual basis by the student, the student’s major professor, and the student’s guidance committee.

Requirements for Both Plan A and Plan B
The student must:

1. Complete at least 6 credits in entomology courses at the 400-level or above. More than half of the 30 credits required for the degree must be at the 800-level or above.

Additional Requirements for Plan A

1. Complete at least 6, but not more than 10 credits of Entomology 899.
2. Successfully write and defend the master's thesis research with a departmental seminar.

Additional Requirements for Plan B

1. Complete 3 to 5 credits of a research project in ENT 898 and present a departmental seminar.
2. Pass a final oral examination. 

The Department of Entomology aspires to develop not only capable entomologists but also capable scholars. Scholarly potential is sought in the prospective student, and course and research programs are designed to round out the student's knowledge and bring it to the stage of development where the student can work creatively in the field.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

A bachelor’s degree with a 3.00 grade–point average for the last two years of study is required for admission to the master’s program. The applicant need not have an undergraduate major in entomology for regular admission, but should have a background in biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, and general entomology equivalent to that required of an undergraduate entomology major at Michigan State University. Students without a general entomology background should complete ENT 404 Fundamentals of Entomology during their first year. Graduate Record Examination General Test scores are required. Applicants with a good academic record but with deficiencies may be accepted on a provisional basis until deficiencies have been remediated. Collateral course work does not count towards the requirements for the degree.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Entomology

The student’s program of study is planned on an individual basis by the students, the student’s major professor, and the student’s guidance committee. Students must take 9 entomology course credits and complete a minimum of 24 credits of ENT 999 Doctoral Dissertation Research. Within 18 months of matriculation, students must pass a doctoral qualification examination which primarily consists of the defense of a dissertation proposal. Written and oral comprehensive examinations are required after completing course work, covering specific disciplinary areas related to thesis research and broader general knowledge of entomology and related sciences.  After completing research, doctoral students are required to write and defend a dissertation with a departmental seminar.

 

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Fisheries and Wildlife

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Fisheries and Wildlife.
   
   The University’s Tier II writing requirement for the Fisheries and Wildlife major is met by completing Fisheries and Wildlife 434 referenced in item 3. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Fisheries and Wildlife major leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences by completing items 3. a. and 3. b. below. The completion of Biological Sciences 171 or 172 or Lyman Briggs 144 and Chemistry 161 or Lyman Briggs 171L satisfies the laboratory requirement. Completion of items 3. a. and 3. b. below will be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major.
   
   The completion of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources mathematics requirement may also satisfy the University mathematics requirement.
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.  The completion of item 3. d. below satisfies the College's mathematics requirement.
3. The following requirements for the major:

   a.	One of the following groups of courses (9 or 10 credits):
   	(1)	BS	161	Cell and Molecular Biology			3
   		BS	171	Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory			2
   		BS	162	Organismal and Population Biology			3
   		BS	172	Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory			2
   	(2)	LB	144	Biology I – Organismal Biology			4
   		LB	145	Biology II: Cellular and Molecular Biology			5
   b.	One of the following groups of courses (5 credits):
   	(1)	CEM	141	General Chemistry			4
   		CEM	161	Chemistry Laboratory I			1
   	(2)	CEM	151	General and Descriptive Chemistry			4
   		CEM	161	Chemistry Laboratory I			1
   	(3)	LB	171	Principles of Chemistry I			4
   		LB	171L	Introductory Chemistry Laboratory I			1
   c.	One course from each group (6 to 8 credits):
   	(1)	PHY	231	Introductory Physics I			3
   		PHY	183	Physics for Scientists and Engineers I			4
   		LB	273	Physics I			4
   	(2)	CSS	210	Fundamentals of Soil Science			3
   		GLG	201	The Dynamic Earth			4
   		GEO	203	Introduction to Meteorology			3
   		GEO	206	Physical Geography			3
   d.	One course from each group (6 or 7 credits):
   	(1)	MTH	124	Survey of Calculus I			3
   		MTH	132	Calculus I			3
   		LB	118	Calculus I			4
   	(2)	STT	231	Statistics for Scientists			3
   		STT	224	Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Ecologists			3
   		STT	421	Statistics I			3
   e.	Two of the following courses (6 credits):
   	COM	100	Human Communication				3
   	COM	225	Introduction to Interpersonal Communication				3
   	COM	275	Effects of Mass Communication				3
   	CSUS	433	Grant Writing and Fund Development (W)				3
   	FW	435	Integrated Communications for the Fisheries and Wildlife Professional				3
   	JRN	472	Environment, Science and Health Reporting				3
   	WRA	320	Technical Communication (W)				3
   	WRA	331	Writing in the Public Interest (W)				3
   	WRA	341	Nature and Environmental Writing				3
   	WRA	453	Grant and Proposal Writing				3
   f.	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   	FW	439	Conservation Ethics				3
   	PHL	340	Ethics				3
   	PHL	342	Environmental Ethics				3
   	PHL	380	Nature of Science				3
   	GEO	432	Environmental Ethics (W)				3
   g.	Complete at least 3 credits from the following courses:
   	FW	493	Professional Internship in Fisheries and Wildlife				3
   	FW	490	Independent Study in Fisheries and Wildlife				3
   	FW	480	International Studies in Fisheries and Wildlife				3
   	FW	499	Senior Thesis in Fisheries and Wildlife				4
   h.	All of the following courses (17 credits):
   	FW	101	Fundamentals of Fisheries and Wildlife Ecology and Management				3
   	FW	293	Undergraduate Seminar in Fisheries and Wildlife				1
   	FW	364	Ecological Problem Solving				3
   	FW	424	Population Analysis and Management				4
   	FW	434	Human Dimension of Fisheries and Wildlife Management (W)				3
   	IBIO	355	Ecology				3
   i.	One of the following courses (2 or 3 credits):
   	FW	101L	Fundamentals of Fisheries and Wildlife Ecology and Management Laboratory				2
   	FW	238	Introductory Fisheries and Wildlife Field Experience				3
   j.	One of the following concentrations:
   	Conservation Biology (27 to 29 credits):
   	(1)	All of the following courses (12 credits):
   		FW	444	Conservation Biology			3
   		FW	445	Biodiversity Conservation Policy and Practice			3
   		IBIO	445	Evolution (W)			3
   		PLB	443	Restoration Ecology			3
   	(2)	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		FOR	404	Forest Ecology			3
   		IBIO	485	Tropical Biology (W)			3
   		PLB	441	Plant Ecology			3
   	(3)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		CSS	350	Introduction to Plant Genetics			3
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics			4
   	(4)	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		FW	410	Upland Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	414	Aquatic Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	416	Marine Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	417	Wetland Ecology and Management			3
   		FW	454	Environmental Hydrology for Watershed Management			3
   		FW	479	Fisheries Management			3
   	(5)	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		CSUS	464	Environmental and Natural Resource Policy in Michigan			3
   		CSUS	465	Environmental and Natural Resource Law			3
   		EEM	255	Ecological Economics			3
   		FW	449	Wildlife Policy			3
   		FW	481	Global Issues in Fisheries and Wildlife			3
   		FOR	466	Natural Resource Policy			3
   		IBIO	446	Environmental Issues and Public Policy			3
   		MC	450	International Environmental Law and Policy			3
   	(6)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		ENT	422	Aquatic Entomology			3
   		FOR	204	Forest Vegetation			3
   		FW	471	Ichthyology			4
   		IBIO	360	Biology of Birds			4
   		IBIO	365	Biology of Mammals			4
   		IBIO	384	Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (W)			4
   		PLB	218	Plants of Michigan			3
   		PLB	418	Plant Systematics			3
   	Fisheries Biology and Management (25 to 28 credits):
   	(1)	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		FW	472	Limnology			3
   		FW	420	Stream Ecology			3
   	(2)	All of the following courses (10 credits):
   		FW	471	Ichthyology			4
   		FW	479	Fisheries Management			3
   		FW	474	Field and Laboratory Techniques for Aquatic Studies			3
   	(3)	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		FW	414	Aquatic Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	416	Marine Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	417	Wetland Ecology and Management			3
   		FW	454	Environmental Hydrology for Watershed Management			3
   	(4)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		ENT	404	Fundamentals of Entomology			3
   		ENT	422	Aquatic Entomology			3
   		IBIO	306	Invertebrate Biology			4
   	(5)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		PLB	418	Plant Systematics			3
   		PLB	424	Algal Biology			4
   	(6)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		CSS	350	Introduction to Plant Genetics			3
   		FW	431	Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Fishes			3
   		IBIO	328	Comparative Anatomy and Biology of Vertebrates (W)			4
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics			4
   	Wildlife Biology and Management (26 or 27 credits):
   	(1)	All of the following courses (9 credits):
   		FW	410	Upland Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	417	Wetland Ecology and Management			3
   		FW	413	Wildlife Research and Management Techniques			3
   	(2)	Two of the following courses (8 credits):
   		IBIO	360	Biology of Birds			4
   		IBIO	365	Biology of Mammals			4
   		IBIO	384	Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (W)			4
   	(3)	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		FOR	204	Forest Vegetation			3
   		PLB	218	Plants of Michigan			3
   		PLB	418	Plant Systematics			3
   	(4)	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		FOR	404	Forest Ecology			3
   		PLB	105	Plant Biology			3
   		PLB	203	Biology of Plants			3
   		PLB	441	Plant Ecology			3
   	(5)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		CSS	350	Introduction to Plant Genetics			3
   		IBIO	328	Comparative Anatomy and Biology of Vertebrates (W)			4
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics			4
   	Water Sciences (24 to 28 credits):
   	(1)	Two of the following courses (6 credits):
   		FW	417	Wetland Ecology and Management			3
   		FW	420	Stream Ecology			3
   		FW	472	Limnology			3
   	(2)	The following course (3 credits):
   		FW	474	Field and Laboratory Techniques for Aquatic Studies			3
   	(3)	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		FW	414	Aquatic Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	416	Marine Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	454	Environmental Hydrology for Watershed Management			3
   		FW	479	Fisheries Management			3
   	(4)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		ENT	404	Fundamentals of Entomology			3
   		ENT	422	Aquatic Entomology			3
   		FW	471	Ichthyology			4
   		IBIO	306	Invertebrate Biology			4
   	(5)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		PLB	418	Plant Systematics			3
   		PLB	424	Algal Biology			4
   	(6)	Two of the following courses (6 to 8 credits):
   		CSS	350	Introduction to Plant Genetics			3
   		FW	431	Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Fishes			3
   		GLG	421	Environmental Geochemistry			4
   		IBIO	303	Oceanography			4
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics			4
   		IBIO	353	Marine Biology (W)			4
   		MMG	425	Microbial Ecology			3
   	Fish and Wildlife Disease Ecology and Management (30 or 31 credits):
   	(1)	All of the following courses (20 credits):
   		FW	423	Principles of Fish and Wildlife Disease			3
   		FW	423L	Principles of Fish and Wildlife Disease Laboratory			1
   		FW	444	Conservation Biology			3
   		FW	463	Wildlife Disease Ecology			3
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics			4
   		IBIO	445	Evolution (W)			3
   		MMG	301	Introductory Microbiology			3
   	(2)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		CEM	143	Survey of Organic Chemistry			4
   		CEM	251	Organic Chemistry			3
   	(3)	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		FW	410	Upland Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	414	Aquatic Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	416	Marine Ecosystem Management			3
   		FW	417	Wetland Ecology and Management			3
   		FW	454	Environmental Hydrology for Watershed Management			3
   		FW	479	Fisheries Management			3
   	(4)	One of the following courses (4 credits):
   		FW	471	Ichthyology			4
   		IBIO	306	Invertebrate Biology			4
   		IBIO	360	Biology of Birds			4
   		IBIO	365	Biology of Mammals			4
   		IBIO	384	Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (W)			4
   	Preveterinary (27 or 28 credits):
   	(1)	All of the following courses (24 credits):
   		BMB	401	Comprehensive Biochemistry			4
   		CEM	251	Organic Chemistry I			3
   		CEM	252	Organic Chemistry II			3
   		CEM	255	Organic Chemistry Laboratory			2
   		FW	423	Principles of Fish and Wildlife Disease			3
   		FW	423L	Principles of Fish and Wildlife Disease Laboratory			1
   		FW	463	Wildlife Disease Ecology			3
   		PHY	251	Introductory Physics Laboratory I			1
   		PHY	232	Introductory Physics II			3
   		PHY	252	Introductory Physics Laboratory II			1
   	(2)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		ANS	314	Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animals			4
   		ANS	409	Problems, Controversies and Advancement in Reproduction			3
   		ANS	435	Mammary Physiology			4
   		ANS	445	Equine Exercise Physiology			4
   		ANS	455	Avian Physiology			4
   		BLD	434	Clinical Immunology			3
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics			4
   		IBIO	408	Histology			4
   		IBIO	425	Cells and Development (W)			4
   		IBIO	450	Cancer Biology (W)			3
   		MMG	301	Introductory Microbiology			3
   		MMG	409	Eukaryotic Cell Biology			3
   		MMG	451	Immunology			3
   		NEU	300	Neurobiology			3
   		PSL	310	Physiology for Pre-Health Professionals			4

The Minor in Conservation, Recreation and Environmental Enforcement is designed to combine the natural resource expertise of the fisheries and wildlife, forestry, parks, recreation and tourism, and environmental sustainability programs, with the law enforcement expertise of the criminal justice program to serve those students with career interests in conservation, recreation or environmental law enforcement. The minor is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs in criminal justice, fisheries and wildlife, forestry, parks, recreation and tourism and environmental studies and sustainability. The minor is administered by the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife.

Students who are interested in enrolling should apply to the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife for acceptance.

With the approval of the department and college that administer the student’s degree program, courses that are used to satisfy the requirements for the minor may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the bachelor’s degree.

Requirements for the Minor in Conservation, Recreation and Environmental Enforcement

The student must complete (19 to 20 credits):