Academic Programs Catalog

The objective of the Bachelor of Science degree program with a major in environmental biology/zoology is to help students to understand the concepts of environmental biology and to apply those concepts to improve both the natural environment and the environment perturbed by human activities.  The focus of the program is on animal biology.  The integrative biology courses in the program emphasize ecology, systematics, and environmental science.  

Students who are enrolled in this program may complete an optional capstone course:  Integrative Biology 494 or 496.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Environmental Biology/Zoology

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Biology/Zoology.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Environmental Biology/Zoology major is met by completing two of the following courses: Integrative Biology 355L and 445.  Those courses are referenced in item 3. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the College of Natural Science may complete the alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that is described in item 1. under the heading Graduation Requirements in the College statement.  Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be used to satisfy the alternative track.
2. The requirements of the College of Natural Science for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   The credits earned in certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
   1. The following requirements for the major:

      a.	One of the following groups of courses (9 or 10 credits):
      	(1)	BS	161	Cell and Molecular Biology					3
      		BS	162	Organismal and Population Biology					3
      		BS	171	Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory					2
      		BS	172	Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory					2
      	(2)	BS	181H	Honors Cell and Molecular Biology					3
      		BS	182H	Honors Organismal and Population Biology					3
      		BS	191H	Honors Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory					2
      		BS	192H	Honors Organismal an d Population Biology Laboratory					2
      	(3)	LB	144	Biology I: Organismal Biology					4
      		LB	145	Biology II: Cellular and Molecular Biology					5
      b.	One of the following groups of courses (5 or 6 credits):
      	(1)	CEM	141	General Chemistry					4
      		CEM	161	Chemistry Laboratory I					1
      	(2)	CEM	181H	Honors Chemistry I					4
      		CEM	185H	Honors Chemistry Laboratory I					2
      	(3)	LB	171	Principles of Chemistry I					4
      		LB	171L	Introductory Chemistry I Laboratory					1
      c.	One course from each of the following groups of courses (6 credits):
      	(1)	CEM	251	Organic Chemistry I					3
      		CEM	351	Organic Chemistry I					3
      	(2)	CEM	252	Organic Chemistry II					3
      		CEM	352	Organic Chemistry II					3
      	(3)	CEM	255	Organic Chemistry Laboratory					2
      		CEM	355	Organic Laboratory I					2
      d.	One of the following groups of courses (8 or 10 credits):
      	(1)	PHY	221	Studio Physics for Life Scientists I					4
      		PHY	222	Studio Physics for Life Scientists II					4
      	(2)	PHY	231	Introductory Physics I					3
      		PHY	232	Introductory Physics II					3
      		PHY	251	Introductory Physics Laboratory I					1
      		PHY	252	Introductory Physics Laboratory II					1
      	(3)	PHY	183	Physics for Scientists and Engineers I					4
      		PHY	184	Physics for Scientists and Engineers II					4
      		PHY	191	Physics Laboratory for Scientists, I					1
      		PHY	192	Physics Laboratory for Scientists, II					1
      	(4)	LB	273	Physics I					4
      		LB	274	Physics II					4
      	(5)	PHY	193H	Honors Physics I-Mechanics					4
      		PHY	294H	Honors Physics II-Electromagnetism					4
      		PHY	191	Physics Laboratory for Scientists, I					1
      		PHY	192	Physics Laboratory for Scientists, II					1
      e.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
      	MTH	124	Survey of Calculus I						3
      	MTH	132	Calculus I						3
      	MTH	152H	Honors Calculus I						3
      	LB	118	Calculus I						4
      f.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
      	MTH	126	Survey of Calculus II						3
      	MTH	133	Calculus II						4
      	MTH	153H	Honors Calculus II						3
      	LB	119	Calculus II						4
      	STT	201	Statistical Methods						4
      	STT	224	Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Ecologists						3
      	STT	231	Statistics for Scientists						3
      	STT	421	Statistics I						3
      g.	All of the following courses (21 credits):
      	CSS	210	Fundamentals of Soil Science						3
      	GEO	221	Introduction to Geographic Information						3
      	GEO	221L	Introduction to Geographic Information Laboratory						1
      	IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics						4
      	IBIO	355	Ecology						3
      	IBIO	355L	Ecology Laboratory (W)						1
      	IBIO	445	Evolution (W)						3
      	PLB	441	Plant Ecology						3
      	Both Geography 221 and 221L must be completed to satisfy this requirement. Forestry 419 may be substituted for GEO 221/221L. Forestry 340 may be substituted for Plant Biology 441.
      h.	At least one course from each of the following three groups of courses totaling at least 13 credits:
      	(1)	FW	471	Ichthyology					4
      		IBIO	306	Invertebrate Biology					4
      		IBIO	328	Comparative Anatomy and Biology of Vertebrates					4
      		IBIO	360	Biology of Birds					4
      		IBIO	365	Biology of Mammals					4
      		IBIO	384	Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (W)					4
      	(2)	PLB	218	Plants of Michigan					3
      		PLB	418	Plant Systematics					3
      	(3)	FW	416	Marine Ecology and Management					3
      		FW	420	Stream Ecology					3
      		FW	444	Conservation Biology					3
      		FW	472	Limnology					3
      		GEO	324	Remote Sensing of the Environment					4
      		IBIO	353	Marine Biology (W)					4
      		IBIO	357	Global Change Biology (W)					3
      		IBIO	446	Environmental Issues and Public Policy					3
      		IBIO	483	Environmental Physiology					3
      		IBIO	485	Tropical Biology					3
      		PLB	424	Algal Biology					3

The Bachelor of Science degree in Integrative Biology provides students with an integrated foundation in biology and its underpinnings in chemistry, math, and physics. It prepares students for graduate and professional study and provide the skillsets necessary to enter the workforce.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Integrative Biology

1. The University requirements for bachelor’s degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Integrative Biology.
   
   The University’s Tier II writing requirement for the Integrative Biology  major is met by completing two of the following courses:  Integrative Biology 355L and 445.  Those courses are referenced in item 3. below. These courses may also fulfill requirements in items 3. g. and 3. h. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the College of Natural Science may complete the alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that is described in item 1. under the heading Graduation Requirements in the College statement.  Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be used to satisfy the alternative track.
2. The requirements of the College of Natural Science for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   The credits earned in certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
3. The following requirements for the major:

   a.	One of the following groups of courses (9 or 10 credits):
   	(1)	BS	161	Cell and Molecular Biology					3
   		BS	162	Organismal and Population Biology					3
   		BS	171	Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory					2
   		BS	172	Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory					2
   	(2)	BS	181H	Honors Cell and Molecular Biology					3
   		BS	182H	Honors Organismal and Population Biology					3
   		BS	191H	Honors Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory					2
   		BS	192H	Honors Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory					2
   	(3)	LB	144	Biology I: Organismal Biology					4
   		LB	145	Biology II: Cellular and Molecular Biology					5
   b.	One of the following groups of courses (5 or 6 credits):
   	(1)	CEM	141	General Chemistry					4
   		CEM	161	Chemistry Laboratory I					1
   	(2)	CEM	151	General and Descriptive Chemistry					4
   		CEM	161	Chemistry Laboratory					1
   	(3)	CEM	181H	Honors Chemistry I					4
   		CEM	185H	Honors Chemistry Laboratory I					2
   	(4)	LB	171	Principles of Chemistry I					4
   		LB	171L	Introductory Chemistry Laboratory I					1
   c.	One course from each of the following groups of courses (8 credits):
   	(1)	CEM	251	Organic Chemistry I					3
   		CEM	351	Organic Chemistry I					3
   	(2)	CEM	252	Organic Chemistry II					3
   		CEM	352	Organic Chemistry II					3
   	(3)	CEM	255	Organic Chemistry Laboratory					2
   		CEM	355	Organic Laboratory I					2
   d.	One of the following groups of courses (8 or 10 credits):
   	(1)	PHY	221	Studio Physics for Life Scientists I					4
   		PHY	222	Studio Physics for Life Scientists II					4
   	(2)	PHY	231	Introductory Physics I					3
   		PHY	232	Introductory Physics II					3
   		PHY	251	Introductory Physics Laboratory I					1
   		PHY	252	Introductory Physics Laboratory II					1
   	(3)	PHY	183	Physics for Scientists and Engineers I					4
   		PHY	184	Physics for Scientists and Engineers II					4
   		PHY	191	Physics Laboratory for Scientists, I					1
   		PHY	192	Physics Laboratory for Scientists, II					1
   	(4)	LB	273	Physics I					4
   		LB	274	Physics II					4
   	(5)	PHY	193H	Honors Physics I – Mechanics					4
   		PHY	294H	Honors Physics II – Electromagnetism					4
   		PHY	191	Physics Laboratory for Scientists, I					1
   		PHY	192	Physics Laboratory for Scientists, II					1
   e.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	MTH	124	Survey of Calculus I						3
   	MTH	132	Calculus I						3
   	MTH	152H	Honors Calculus I						3
   	LB	118	Calculus I						4
   f.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	LB	119	Calculus II						4
   	MTH	126	Survey of Calculus II						3
   	MTH	133	Calculus II						4
   	MTH	153H	Honors Calculus II						3
   	STT	201	Statistical Methods						4
   	STT	224	Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Ecologists						3
   	STT	231	Statistics for Scientists						3
   	STT	421	Statistics I						3
   g.	All of the following courses (14 credits):
   	IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics						4
   	IBIO	355	Ecology						3
   	IBIO	355L	Ecology Laboratory (W)						1
   	IBIO	445	Evolution (W)						3
   	MMG	301	Introductory Microbiology						3
   h.	One of the following courses (4 credits):
   	IBIO	306	Invertebrate Biology						4
   	IBIO	320	Developmental Biology						4
   	IBIO	328	Comparative Anatomy and Biology of Vertebrates (W)						4
   i.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	IBIO	425	Cells and Development (W)						4
   	MMG	409	Eukaryotic Cell Biology						3
   j.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	IBIO	483	Environmental Physiology						3
   	PLB	301	Introductory Plant Physiology						3
   	PLB	415	Plant Physiology						3
   	PSL	310	Physiology for Pre-Health Professionals						4
   	PSL	431	Human Physiology I						4
   k.	One of the following options, either (1) or (2):
   	(1)	BMB	401	Comprehensive Biochemistry					4
   	(2)	BMB	461	Advanced Biochemistry I					3
   		BMB	462	Advanced Biochemistry II					3
   l.	Experiential Requirement:
   	In addition to courses taken to meet requirements g. and h., one course at the 300-level or above in laboratory bench work or field experience. This course may be chosen from Integrative Biology 306, 320, 328, 355L, 360, 365, 384, 390, 408, 425, 490, 494, 496; Animal Science 313; Fisheries and Wildlife 471; or Microbiology and Molecular Genetics 302. Other experiential courses may be chosen through consultation with the student’s academic advisor.
   m.	Additional credits in 300-400 level Integrative Biology courses as needed to meet the requirement of at least 33 credits. Students may complete more than one course, or pair of courses, from item 3. Additional courses completed from item 3. may be counted as Integrative Biology electives toward the 33 credits. Courses beyond those taken to satisfy item 3. may come from other departments with the approval of the student’s academic advisor.

The Bachelor of Arts in Zoology degree is designed for students pursuing careers in scientific application areas such as public policy, technical sales, law, and communications. This degree combines study in zoology with a significant amount of course work outside the sciences. Students are strongly encouraged to extend their knowledge and skills through experiential opportunities and a supplemental minor.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Arts Degree in Zoology

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Arts degree in Zoology.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Zoology major is met by completing both of the following courses: Integrative Biology 355L and 445.  Those courses are referenced in item 3. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the College of Natural Science may complete the alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Science that is described in item 1. under the heading Graduation Requirements in the College statement.  Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be used to satisfy the alternative track.
2. The requirements of the College of Natural Science for the Bachelor of Arts degree.
   
   The credits earned in certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
3. The following requirements for the major:

   a.	One of the following groups of courses (9 or 10 credits):
   	(1)	BS	161	Cell and Molecular Biology					3
   		BS	162	Organismal and Population Biology					3
   		BS	171	Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory					2
   		BS	172	Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory					2
   	(2)	BS	181H	Honors Cell and Molecular Biology					3
   		BS	182H	Honors Organismal and Population Biology					3
   		BS	191H	Honors Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory					2
   		BS	192H	Honors Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory					2
   	(3)	LB	144	Biology I: Organismal Biology					4
   		LB	145	Biology II: Cellular and Molecular Biology					5
   b.	One of the following groups of courses (5 or 6 credits):
   	(1)	CEM	141	General Chemistry					4
   		CEM	161	Chemistry Laboratory I					1
   	(2)	CEM	181H	Honors Chemistry I					4
   		CEM	185H	Honors Chemistry Laboratory I					2
   	(3)	LB	171	Principles of Chemistry I					4
   		LB	171L	Introductory Chemistry Laboratory I					1
   c.	Complete the following course (4 credits):
   	CEM	143	Survey of Organic Chemistry						4
   d.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	PHY	183	Physics for Scientists and Engineers I						4
   	PHY	221	Studio Physics for Life Scientists I						4
   	PHY	231	Introductory Physics I						3
   	LB	273	Physics I						4
   	PHY	193H	Honors Physics I-Mechanics						4
   e.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	LB	118	Calculus I						4
   	MTH	124	Survey of Calculus I						3
   	MTH	132	Calculus I						3
   	MTH	152H	Honors Calculus I						3
   f.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	LB	119	Calculus II						4
   	MTH	126	Survey of Calculus II						3
   	MTH	133	Calculus II						4
   	MTH	153H	Honors Calculus II						4
   	STT	201	Statistical Methods						4
   	STT	224	Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Ecologists						3
   	STT	231	Statistics for Scientists						3
   	STT	421	Statistics I						3
   g.	All of the following courses (11 credits):
   	IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics						4
   	IBIO	355	Ecology						3
   	IBIO	355L	Ecology Laboratory (W)						1
   	IBIO	445	Evolution (W)						3
   h.	Three additional courses in 300-400 level Integrative Biology courses.  Students are encouraged to consult with their academic advisor to identify courses which match their career goals.  Courses from other departments may be applied to this requirement with the approval of the student’s academic advisor.
   i.	Complete one course from each of the following three groups of courses (9 to 11 credits):
   	(1)	Writing (3 credits):
   		CSUS	433	Grant Writing and Fund Development					3
   		WRA	320	Technical Communication (W)					3
   		WRA	331	Writing in the Public Interest (W)					3
   		WRA	453	Grant and Proposal Writing					3
   	(2)	Communications (3 or 4 credits):
   		COM	100	Human Communication					3
   		COM	225	An Introduction to Interpersonal Communication					3
   		COM	240	Introduction to Organizational Communication					4
   		COM	275	Effects of Mass Communication					3
   		COM	300	Methods of Communication Inquiry					4
   	(3)	Computer Systems (3 or 4 credits):
   		CMSE	201	Computational Modeling and Data Analysis I					4
   		CSE	231	Introduction to Programming I					3
   		FW	419	Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Natural Resource Management					4
   		GEO	221	Introduction to Geographic Information					3
   		and
   		GEO	221L	Introduction to Geographic Information Laboratory					1
   		GEO	324	Remote Sensing of the Environment					4
   		GEO	325	Geographic Information Systems					3
   		Both Geography 221 and 221L must be completed to satisfy this requirement.
   j.	Six credits in 300–400 level courses offered by the Colleges of Arts and Letters or College of Social Science beyond the credits that are counted toward the University’s Integrative Studies requirement.  Credits from relevant courses completed from item 3.i. may be counted toward this requirement. Courses used to fulfill this requirement must be approved by the student’s academic advisor.
   k.	Additional credits in 300-400 level Integrative Biology courses as needed to meet the requirement of at least 33 credits. Students also may complete more than one course, or pair of courses, from item 3.i.  Additional courses completed from item 3.i. may be counted as Integrative Biology electives toward the 33 credits. Courses beyond those taken to satisfy item 3.i. may come from other departments with the approval of the student’s academic advisor.

The Bachelor of Science degree program with a major in zoology is for students who seek professional employment in animal biology, or who seek admission to graduate programs in animal biology or to health–related professional schools. The degree contains core courses in biology, chemistry, physics, calculus and statistics. Students will complete a concentration encompassing several branches of modern zoology while allowing focused study in any one of those fields. Concentration options include: animal behavior and neurobiology; cell and developmental biology; ecology, evolution and organismal biology; general zoology; genetics; marine biology; or zoo and aquarium science.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Zoology

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Zoology.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Zoology major is met by completing both of the following courses:  Integrative Biology 355L and 445.  Those courses are referenced in item 3. below. These courses also fulfill requirements in concentrations below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the College of Natural Science may complete the alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that is described in item 1. under the heading Graduation Requirements in the College statement.  Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be used to satisfy the alternative track.
2. The requirements of the College of Natural Science for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   The credits earned in certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
3. The following requirements for the major:

   a.	One of the following groups of courses (9 or 10 credits):
   	(1)	BS	161	Cell and Molecular Biology					3
   		BS	162	Organismal and Population Biology					3
   		BS	171	Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory					2
   		BS	172	Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory					2
   	(2)	BS	181H	Honors Cell and Molecular Biology					3
   		BS	182H	Honors Organismal and Population Biology					3
   		BS	191H	Honors Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory					2
   		BS	192H	Honors Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory					2
   	(3)	LB	144	Biology I:  Organismal Biology					4
   		LB	145	Biology II:  Cellular and Molecular  Biology					5
   b.	One of the following groups of courses (5 or 6 credits):
   	(1)	CEM	141	General Chemistry					4
   		CEM	161	Chemistry Laboratory I					1
   	(2)	CEM	181H	Honors Chemistry I					4
   		CEM	185H	Honors Chemistry Laboratory I					2
   	(3)	LB	171	Principles of Chemistry I					4
   		LB	171L	Introductory Chemistry Laboratory I					1
   c.	One course from each of the following groups (8 credits):
   	(1)	CEM	251	Organic Chemistry I					3
   		CEM	351	Organic Chemistry I					3
   	(2)	CEM	252	Organic Chemistry II					3
   		CEM	352	Organic Chemistry II					3
   	(3)	CEM	255	Organic Chemistry Laboratory					2
   		CEM	355	Organic Laboratory I					2
   d.	One of the following groups of courses (8 or 10 credits):
   	(1)	PHY	221	Studio Physics for Life Scientists I					4
   		PHY	222	Studio Physics for Life Scientists II					4
   	(2)	PHY	231	Introductory Physics I					3
   		PHY	232	Introductory Physics II					3
   		PHY	251	Introductory Physics Laboratory I					1
   		PHY	252	Introductory Physics Laboratory II					1
   	(3)	PHY	183	Physics for Scientists and Engineers I					4
   		PHY	184	Physics for Scientists and Engineers II					4
   	(4)	LB	273	Physics I					4
   		LB	274	Physics II					4
   	(5)	PHY	193H	Honors Physics I-Mechanics					4
   		PHY	294H	Honors Physics II-Electromagnetism					4
   		PHY	191	Physics Laboratory for Scientists, I					1
   		PHY	192	Physics Laboratory for Scientists, II					1
   e.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	LB	118	Calculus I						4
   	MTH	124	Survey of Calculus I						3
   	MTH	132	Calculus I						3
   	MTH	152H	Honors Calculus I						3
   f.	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   	LB	119	Calculus II						4
   	MTH	126	Survey of Calculus II						3
   	MTH	133	Calculus II						4
   	MTH	153H	Honors Calculus II						4
   	STT	201	Statistical Methods						4
   	STT	224	Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Ecologists						3
   	STT	231	Statistics for Scientists						3
   	STT	421	Statistics I						3
   g.	One of the following concentrations:
   	Animal Behavior and Neurobiology
   	(1)	All of the following courses (17 credits):
   		IBIO	313	Animal Behavior					3
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics					4
   		IBIO	355	Ecology					3
   		IBIO	355L	Ecology Laboratory (W)					1
   		IBIO	415	Ecological Aspects of Animal Behavior (W)					3
   		IBIO	445	Evolution (W)					3
   	(2)	One of the following courses (3 credits):
   		IBIO	300	Neurobiology					3
   		IBIO	405	Neural Basis of Animal Behavior					3
   	(3)	One of the following, either (a) or (b) (4 or 8 credits):
   		(a) One of the following courses (4 credits):
   		IBIO	306	Invertebrate Biology					4
   		IBIO	328	Comparative Anatomy and Biology of Vertebrates					4
   		(b) Two of the following courses (8 credits):
   		FW	471	Ichthyology					4
   		IBIO	360	Biology of Birds					4
   		IBIO	365	Biology of Mammals					4
   		IBIO	384	Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (W)					4
   	(4)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		ANS	305	Applied Animal Behavior					3
   		ANS	455	Avian Physiology					4
   		FW	364	Ecological Problem Solving					3
   		FOR	419	Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Natural Resource Management					4
   		GEO	221	Introduction to Geographic Information					3
   			and
   		GEO	221L	Introduction to Geographic Information Laboratory					1
   		IBIO	320	Developmental Biology					4
   		IBIO	483	Environmental Physiology (W)					3
   		LIN	463	Introduction to Cognitive Science					3
   		NEU	310	Psychology and Biology of Human Sexuality					3
   		NEU	416	Development of the Nervous System Through the Lifespan					3
   		PSY	301	Cognitive Neuroscience					3
   		PSY	409	Psychobiology of Behavioral Development (W)					3
   		PSY	411	Hormones and Behavior (W)					3
   		PSY	413	Laboratory in Behavioral Neuroscience (W)					4
   		SOC	412	Animals, People and Nature					3
   		Both GEO 221 and 221L must be completed to satisfy this requirement.
   	(5)	Additional credits in 300-400 level Integrative Biology courses as needed to meet the requirement of at least 33 credits. Students may complete more than one course, or pair of courses, from items (2), (3) or (4). Additional courses completed from items (2), (3) or (4) may be counted as Zoology electives toward the 33 credits. Courses beyond those taken to satisfy items (1), (2), (3) or (4) may come from other departments with the approval of the student’s academic advisor.
   	Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology
   	(1)	All of the following courses (11 credits):
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics					4
   		IBIO	355	Ecology					3
   		IBIO	355L	Ecology Laboratory (W)					1
   		IBIO	445	Evolution (W)					3
   	(2)	Two of the following courses (8 credits):
   		FW	471	Ichthyology					4
   		IBIO	306	Invertebrate Biology					4
   		IBIO	328	Comparative Anatomy and Biology of Vertebrates					4
   		IBIO	360	Biology of Birds					4
   		IBIO	365	Biology of Mammals					4
   		IBIO	384	Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (W)					4
   	(3)	One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		IBIO	313	Animal Behavior					3
   		IBIO	357	Global Change Biology (W)					3
   		IBIO	483	Environmental Physiology					3
   		IBIO	485	Tropical Biology					3
   	(4)	One of the following courses, or pair of courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		FW	419	Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Natural Resource Management					4
   		GEO	221	Introduction to Geographic Information					3
   			and
   		GEO	221L	Introduction Geographic Information Laboratory					1
   		GLG	434	Evolutionary Paleobiology					4
   		IBIO	446	Environmental Issues and Public Policy					3
   		PLB	418	Plant Systematics					3
   		Both GEO 221 and 221L must be completed to satisfy this requirement.
   	(5)	Additional credits in 300-400 level Integrative Biology courses as needed to meet the requirement of at least 33 credits. Students may complete more than one course, or pair of courses, from items (2), (3), or (4). Additional courses completed from items (2), (3), or (4) may be counted as Integrative Biology electives toward the 33 credits. Courses beyond those taken to satisfy items (1), (2), (3), or (4) may come from other departments with the approval of the student’s academic advisor.
   	Marine Biology
   	(1)	All of the following courses (21 credits):
   		GLG	303	Oceanography					3
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics					4
   		IBIO	353	Marine Biology (W)					4
   		IBIO	355	Ecology					3
   		IBIO	355L	Ecology Laboratory (W)					1
   		IBIO	445	Evolution (W)					3
   		IBIO	483	Environmental Physiology					3
   	(2)	One  course from each of the following groups of courses (7 or 8 credits):
   		(a)	FW	471	Ichthyology				4
   			IBIO	306	Invertebrate Biology				4
   			IBIO	360	Biology of Birds				4
   			IBIO	365	Biology of Mammals				4
   			IBIO	384	Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (W)				4
   		(b)	BMB	401	Comprehensive Biochemistry				4
   			CEM	383	Introductory Physical Chemistry I				3
   			FW	416	Marine Ecology and Management				3
   			FW	424	Wildlife Population Analysis and Management				3
   			GEO	221	Introduction to Geographic Information				3
   				and
   			GEO	221L	Introduction Geographic Information Laboratory				1
   			IBIO	357	Global Change Biology (W)				3
   			MMG	425	Microbial Ecology				3
   			Both GEO 221 and 221L must be completed to satisfy this requirement.
   	(3)	A minimum of at least 1 credit must be completed in an aquatic biology field experience. Through consultation with their academic advisor,  students may determine an appropriate aquatic biology field experience or choose one of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   		PLB	424	Algal Biology					3
   		Courses not listed above must have the approval of the student’s academic advisor.
   	(4)	Additional credits in 300-400 level Integrative Biology courses as needed to meet the requirement of at least 33 credits. Students may complete more than one course, or pair of courses, from item (2). Additional courses completed from item (2) may be counted as Zoology electives toward the 33 credits. Courses beyond those taken to satisfy items (1), (2), or (3) may come from other departments with the approval of the student’s academic advisor.
   	Zoo and Aquarium Science
   	(1)	All of the following courses (25 credits):
   		IBIO	313	Animal Behavior					3
   		IBIO	341	Fundamental Genetics					4
   		IBIO	355	Ecology					3
   		IBIO	355L	Ecology Laboratory (W)					1
   		IBIO	368	Zoo Animal Biology and Conservation					3
   		IBIO	369	Introduction to Zoo and Aquarium Science					3
   		IBIO	445	Evolution (W)					3
   		IBIO	489	Seminar in Zoo and Aquarium Science					1
   		IBIO	498	Internship in Zoo and Aquarium Science					4
   	(2)	Two of the following courses (8 credits):
   		FW	471	Ichthyology					4
   		IBIO	306	Invertebrate Biology					4
   		IBIO	328	Comparative Anatomy and Biology of Vertebrates					4
   		IBIO	360	Biology of Birds					4
   		IBIO	365	Biology of Mammals					4
   		IBIO	384	Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (W)					4
   	(3)	Three additional courses of at least 3 credits selected from a list of approved courses that is available from the Department of Integrative Biology.
   	(4)	Integrative Biology courses that are not listed above must be approved in advance by the student’s academic advisor. Courses offered by other departments may be substituted if approved in advance by the student’s academic advisor.

The graduate degree programs in integrative biology are designed for students who seek a career in education and research in the biological sciences, and/or application of biological knowledge in the private and public sectors. The objectives of the programs are to train the next generation of scientists in integrative biology who will tackle some of the major issues of our time including the responses of biological systems to environmental variation and change. The programs provide students with a broad knowledge of the field through courses and seminars and prepare students for independent and original research in one of the various specialized subdisciplines of integrative biology. Faculty and staff work on a wide range of biological systems and emphasize the integration and synthesis of information from various levels of biological organization, from molecules to ecosystems. Areas of active research include genetics, cellular and developmental biology, systematics, paleontology, comparative morphology, physiology, behavior, and ecology and evolutionary biology.

Students may obtain specialized graduate training through interdepartmental graduate programs. Integrative Biology faculty are affiliated with interdepartmental graduate programs and research in genetics, cell and molecular biology, neuroscience, and ecology and evolutionary biology. Additional information about the doctoral programs in genetics and neuroscience, and about the Specialization in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, may be found in other sections of this catalog. Students specializing in ecological research may take courses and carry out research at the W. K. Kellogg Biological Station located near Kalamazoo.

Faculty research interests are available from the department Web site. Interested students are also encouraged to contact the Chairperson or the Graduate Program Director for further information.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Natural Science, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Regular admission to the graduate programs in integrative biology is granted to students having a bachelor's degree, with training in the biological sciences at least equal to that required for this degree at Michigan State University; one year each of chemistry, mathematics, and one semester of college physics. Approval of the department is also required. Students who do not meet the requirements for regular admission may, under certain circumstances, be admitted on a provisional basis while deficiencies are being corrected. 

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree

The student must complete a total of 30 credits for the degree under either Plan A (with thesis) or Plan B (without thesis).

Requirements for Both Plan A and Plan B

1. Complete 3 credits of course work at the 800-level or above in biology chosen in consultation with the student’s guidance committee.

Additional Requirements for Plan A

1. Completion of 4 credits of IBIO 899 Master’s Thesis Research.
2. Although there is no departmental language requirement, a Guidance Committee may prescribe a language requirement for a particular graduate student.
3. Completion of a final oral examination.
4. Successful defense of the master’s research.

Additional Requirements for Plan B   

1. Completion of 3 credits of IBIO 890 Special Problems which usually consists of a research project carried out either in a laboratory or the library.
2. Completion of a final oral examination formulated and administered by the student’s Guidance Committee. It is the student’s responsibility to contact the members of the committee concerning the content of the oral examination.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Integrative Biology

The student's program of study must be developed in cooperation with and approved by the student's guidance committee and must include the requirements specified below:

1. Complete at least 6 credits in two 800-level courses in biology.
2. A minimum of 4 semesters of at least one-half time of supervised teaching, research, or other university service. The specific requirements are to be determined by the student’s guidance committee. Students should expect to complete all Ph.D. requirements in no more than 5 years.
3. Complete 24 credits of IBIO 999 Doctoral Dissertation Research.
4. Successful completion of the comprehensive examination, taken no later than the end of the first semester of the second calendar year after completing the Master’s degree or the end of the first semester of the third calendar year from the time of the student’s first enrollment at MSU, if they did not enter with a master’s and is working directly toward the doctoral degree.
5. Successfully defend the doctoral dissertation.