Academic Programs Catalog

The Crop and Soil Sciences major is based upon the continuously expanding knowledge base of the biological and physical sciences and the utilization of those sciences to produce food and fiber of high quality on a competitive basis to promote sustainability, and to obtain increased nutrient–use efficiency, proper land use, increased plant adaptation to environmental and other stresses, decreased soil erosion, and decreased environmental pollution. Crop and soil scientists utilize the principles of genetics, plant breeding, crop physiology, weed science, turfgrass science, soil physics, soil fertility, soil genesis and classification, and soil chemistry.

Majors complete a common core of courses and one concentration: Agronomic Sciences, Turfgrass Management or Advanced Study.

1. Agronomic Sciences is designed to prepare students to work as agronomists. These scientists have career opportunities in agricultural business and in government agencies such as departments of agriculture and/or natural resources, the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Extension Service. They also work and consult pest management specialists and managers of grower organizations and with land appraisal firms, agencies involved with environmental issues, and in international agriculture.
2. Turfgrass Management is designed to prepare students for the rapidly expanding area of urban agriculture. Graduates have career opportunities in the industries involved with management of golf courses, athletic fields, lawns and park and grounds management.
3. Advanced Study is specifically designed for those students who plan to pursue graduate studies. Although students who complete the other concentrations may pursue graduate study, this concentration requires the completion of advanced levels of mathematics and advanced courses in the basic science.

Students may qualify to teach agriscience in high school under a plan of study cooperatively developed by the student’s faculty advisor and the Department of Community, Agriculture, Recreation and Resource Studies.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Crop and Soil Sciences

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Crop and Soil Sciences.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Crop and Soil Sciences major is met by completing two courses as specified below:
   
   Agronomic Sciences:  Both of the following courses:  Crop and Soil Sciences 313 and 492.  Those courses are referenced in items 3. a., and 3. b. below.
   
   Turfgrass Management:  Both of the following courses:  Crop and Soil Sciences 313 and 492.  Those courses are referenced in items 3. a., and 3. b. below.
   
   Advanced Study:  Both of the following courses:  Crop and Soil Sciences 313 and 492.  Those courses are referenced in items 3. a., and 3. b. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Agronomic Sciences or Turfgrass Management concentrations of the Crop and Soil Sciences major leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that consists of the following courses:  Plant Biology 105 and 106 and Chemistry 141, 143, and 161.  The completion of Plant Biology 106 and Chemistry 161 satisfies the laboratory requirement.  Plant Biology 105 and 106 and Chemistry 141, 143, and 161 may be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major referenced in item 3. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Advanced Study concentration of the Crop and Soil Sciences major leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that consists of the following courses: Plant Biology 105 and Chemistry 151, 152, and 161. The completion of Chemistry 161 satisfies the laboratory requirement. Plant Biology 105  and Chemistry 151, 152, and 161 may be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major referenced in item 3. below.
   
   The completion of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources mathematics requirement may also satisfy the University mathematics requirement.
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.  For students who select the Advanced Study concentration, the completion of Mathematics 124 and 126 satisfies the College's mathematics requirement.
3. The following requirements for the major:
   1. a. All of the following courses (9 credits):
      1. CEM 161 Chemistry Laboratory I (1)
      2. CSS 110 Computer Applications in Agronomy (2)
      3. CSS 210 Fundamentals of Soil Science (3)
      4. CSS 313 Data Interpretation and Writing in the Agronomic Sciences (W) (2)
      5. CSS 492 Professional Development Seminar II (1)
   2. b. One of the following three concentrations (67 to 70 credits):
      1. Agronomic Sciences (63 or 64 credits):
      2. (1) All of the following courses (55 credits):
         1. CEM 141 General Chemistry (4)
         2. CEM 143 Survey of Organic Chemistry (4)
         3. CSS 101 Introduction to Crop Science (3)
         4. CSS 101L Introduction to Crop Science Laboratory (1)
         5. CSS 192 Professional Development Seminar I (1)
         6. CSS 226L Weed Science Laboratory (1)
         7. CSS 326 Weed Science (2)
         8. CSS 330 Soil Chemistry (2)
         9. CSS 340 Applied Soil Physics (2)
         10. CSS 350 Introduction to Plant Genetics (3)
         11. CSS 360 Soil Biology (3)
         12. CSS 470 Soil Resources (3)
         13. CSS 480 Soil Fertility and Management (3)
         14. CSS 488 Agricultural Cropping Systems: Integration and Problem Solving (3)
         15. CSS 493 Professional Internship in Crop and Soil Sciences (3)
         16. ENT 404 Fundamentals of Entomology (4)
         17. MTH 116 College Algebra and Trigonometry (5)
         18. PLB 105 Plant Biology (3)
         19. PLB 106 Plant Biology Laboratory (1)
         20. PLP 405 Plant Pathology (4)
      3. (2) One of the following courses (3 credits):
         1. HRT 361 Applied Plant Physiology (3)
         2. PLB 301 Introductory Plant Physiology (3)
      4. (3) One of the following courses (2 or 3 credits):
         1. CSS 222 New Horizons in Biotechnology (2)
         2. CSS 441 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (3)
         3. CSS 451 Biotechnology Applications for Plant Breeding and Genetics (3)
      5. (4) One of the following courses (3 credits):
         1. EC 201 Introduction to Microeconomics (3)
         2. EC 202 Introduction to Macroeconomics (3)
      6. (5) Two of the following courses (4 to 6 credits):
         1. CSS 135 Crop Scouting and Investigation (3)
         2. CSS 151 Seed and Grain Quality (2)
         3. CSS 201 Forage Crops (3)
         4. CSS 212 Advanced Crop Production (2)
      7. Turfgrass Management (67 credits):
      8. (1) All of the following courses (64 credits):
         1. CEM 141 General Chemistry (4)
         2. CEM 143 Survey of Organic Chemistry (4)
         3. CSS 178 Turf Irrigation (3)
         4. CSS 181 Pesticide and Fertilizer Application Technology (3)
         5. CSS 226L Weed Science Laboratory (1)
         6. CSS 232 Turfgrass Management (4)
         7. CSS 262 Turfgrass Management Seminar (1)
         8. CSS 267 Performance Turf Design and Construction (2)
         9. CSS 269 Turfgrass Strategies: Integration and Synthesis (2)
         10. CSS 272 Turfgrass Soil Fertility (2)
         11. CSS 282 Turfgrass Physiology (2)
         12. CSS 326 Weed Science (2)
         13. CSS 330 Soil Chemistry (2)
         14. CSS 340 Applied Soil Physics (2)
         15. CSS 350 Introduction to Plant Genetics (3)
         16. CSS 360 Soil Biology (3)
         17. CSS 470 Soil Resources (3)
         18. CSS 493 Professional Internship in Crop and Soil Sciences (3)
         19. EC 201 Introduction to Microeconomics (3)
         20. ENT 264 Turfgrass Entomology (3)
         21. MTH 116 College Algebra and Trigonometry (5)
         22. PLB 105 Plant Biology (3)
         23. PLB 106 Plant Biology Laboratory (1)
         24. PLP 266 Turf Pathology (3)
      9. (2) One of the following courses (3 credits):
         1. HRT 361 Applied Plant Physiology (3)
         2. PLB 301 Introductory Plant Physiology (3)
      10. Advanced Study (74 credits):
      11. (1) All of the following courses (62 credits):
          1. BMB 401 Comprehensive Biochemistry (4)
          2. CEM 151 General and Descriptive Chemistry (4)
          3. CEM 152 Principles of Chemistry  (3)
          4. CEM 251 Organic Chemistry I (3)
          5. CEM 252 Organic Chemistry II (3)
          6. CSS 101 Introduction to Crop Science (3)
          7. CSS 101L Introduction to Crop Science Laboratory (1)
          8. CSS 192 Professional Development Seminar I (1)
          9. CSS 226L Weed Science Laboratory (1)
          10. CSS 326 Weed Science (2)
          11. CSS 330 Soil Chemistry (2)
          12. CSS 340 Applied Soil Physics (2)
          13. CSS 350 Introduction to Plant Genetics (3)
          14. CSS 360 Soil Biology (3)
          15. CSS 470 Soil Resources (3)
          16. CSS 480 Soil Fertility and Management (3)
          17. CSS 488 Agricultural Cropping Systems: Integration and Problem Solving (3)
          18. CSS 499 Undergraduate Research (3)
          19. ENT 404 Fundamentals of Entomology (4)
          20. MTH 132 Calculus I (3)
          21. PLB 105 Plant Biology (3)
          22. PLB 106 Plant Biology Laboratory (1)
          23. PLP 405 Plant Pathology (4)
      12. (2) One of the following courses (3 credits):
          1. HRT 361 Applied Plant Physiology (3)
          2. PLB 301 Introductory Plant Physiology (3)
      13. (3) One of the following courses (3 credits):
          1. CSS 441 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (3)
          2. CSS 451 Biotechnology Applications for Plant Breeding and Genetics (3)
      14. (4) One of the following courses (3 credits):
          1. EC 201 Introduction to Microeconomics (3)
          2. EC 202 Introduction to Macroeconomics (3)
      15. (5) The following course:
          1. STT 421 Statistics I (3)

The Bachelor of Science degree in Cropping Systems Science is designed to prepare students for career opportunities as agronomists and cropping system scientists, as farmers and consultants, in private and public businesses, and with government agencies. Cropping systems science involves the application of biological, chemical, and physical science principles to produce plants grown for human food, animal feed, biofuel, and fiber to meet global demand. The use of biotechnology, digital technologies and precision agriculture are important aspects of agricultural food systems today. Cropping systems scientists, agronomists, and farmers strive to improve soil health and develop cropping sequences and management techniques to improve the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of farms. Conserving soil and water and maintaining long-term farm field productivity and resilience depends largely on the management of cropping systems. This major provides students with the opportunity to understand the challenges and opportunities to integrate scientific innovations with the practice of crop production. Students take courses in crop production, physiology, genetics, precision agriculture, pest management, soil science, meteorology, and professional development courses to prepare for careers in cropping systems science. 

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Cropping Systems Science

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Cropping Systems Science.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Cropping Systems Science major is met by completing CROP 313 and CROP 492. Those courses are referenced in item 3. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Cropping Systems Science major leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that consists of the following courses:  Plant Biology 105 and 106 combined; and Chemistry 141, 143, and 161.  The completion of Plant Biology 106 and Chemistry 161 satisfies the laboratory requirement.  Plant Biology 105 and 106 combined and Chemistry 141, 143, and 161 may be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major referenced in item 3. below.
   
   The completion of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources mathematics requirement may also satisfy the University mathematics requirement.
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
3. The following requirements for the major:
   1. a. One of the following courses (3 or 5 credits):
      1. MTH 103 College Algebra (3)
      2. MTH 116 College Algebra and Trigonometry (5)
   2. b. One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
      1. STT 200 Statistical Methods (3)
      2. STT 201 Statistical Methods (4)
      3. STT 224 Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Ecologists (3)
      4. STT 421 Statistics I (3)
   3. c. One of the following courses (4 credits):
      1. CEM 143 Survey of Organic Chemistry (4)
      2. CEM 251 Organic Chemistry I (4)
   4. d. One of the following courses (3 credits):
      1. EC 201 Introduction to Microeconomics (3)
      2. EC 202 Introduction to Macroeconomics (3)
   5. e. All of the following courses (45 credits):
      1. CEM 141 General Chemistry (4)
      2. CEM 161 Chemistry Laboratory I (1)
      3. CROP 101 Introduction to Crop Science (3)
      4. CROP 101L Introduction to Crop Science Laboratory (1)
      5. CROP 110 Computer Applications in Agronomy (2)
      6. CROP 192 Professional Development Seminar I (1)
      7. CROP 212 Advanced Crop Production (2)
      8. CROP 226L Weed Science Laboratory (1)
      9. CROP 313 Data Interpretation and Writing in the Agronomic Sciences (W) (2)
      10. CROP 326 Weed Science (2)
      11. CROP 350 Introduction to Plant Genetics (3)
      12. CROP 488 Agricultural Cropping Systems: Integration and Problem Solving (3)
      13. CROP 492 Professional Development Seminar II (W)  (1)
      14. ENT 404 Fundamentals of Entomology (4)
      15. PLB 105 Plant Biology (3)
      16. PLB 106 Plant Biology Laboratory (1)
      17. PLP 405 Plant Pathology (4)
      18. SOIL 210 Fundamentals of Soil Science (3)
      19. SOIL 480 Soil Fertility and Management (4)
   6. f. One of the following courses (3 credits):
      1. HRT 361 Applied Plant Physiology (3)
      2. PLB 301 Introductory Plant Physiology (3)
   7. g. Complete 8 credits from the following courses: (8 credits):
      1. SOIL 330 Soil Chemistry (2)
      2. SOIL 340 Applied Soil Physics (2)
      3. SOIL 360 Soil Biology (3)
      4. SOIL 470 Soil Resources (3)
   8. h. Two of the following courses: (4 to 6 credits):
      1. AFRE 130 Farm Management I (3)
      2. CROP 124 Introduction to Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems (2)
      3. CROP 135 Crop Scouting and Investigation (3)
      4. CROP 151 Seed and Grain Quality (2)
      5. CROP 201 Forage Crops (3)
      6. CROP 292 Leadership Development in Agriculture (2)
   9. i. One of the following courses (3 credits):
      1. GEO 103 Introduction to Climate Change Studies (3)
      2. GEO 203 Introduction to Meteorology (3)
      3. GEO 402 Agricultural Climatology (3)
   10. j. One of the following, either i. or ii. (3 or 4 credits):
       1. (i) GEO 221 Introduction to Geographic Information (3)
       2. (ii) BE 221 Introduction to Smart Agriculture (1)
          1. BE 321 Principles of Precision Agriculture (3)
   11. k. One of the following courses (3 credits):
       1. CROP 420 Cover Crops in Agroecosystems (3)
       2. CROP 431 International Agricultural Systems (3)
       3. CROP 441 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (3)
       4. CROP 442 Agricultural Ecology (3)
       5. CROP 451 Biotechnology Applications for Plant Breeding and Genetics (3)
       6. CROP 460 Plant-Microbe Interactions (3)
       7. CROP 467 Bioenergy Feedstock Production (3)
       8. CROP 485 Physiology in Plant Nutrition (3)
       9. GEO 409 Global Climate Change and Variability (3)
       10. GEO 410 Geography of Food and Agriculture (3)
   12. l. One of the following experiential courses (3 credits):
       1. CROP 493 Professional Internship in Crop and Soil Sciences (3)
       2. CROP 499 Undergraduate Research (3)

The Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Soil and Water Science is designed to prepare students for career opportunities assoil scientists, ecosystem ecologists, environmental restorationists, watershed managers, and consultants, in private and public businesses, and with government agencies.

Soil and water science involves the application of biological, chemical, and physical science principles to protect soil and water quality as landscapes are used to meet human needs for recreation, waste disposal, food production and others. Protecting and restoring soil and water resources is necessary for building sustainable communities. The major provides students with the opportunity to recognize the challenges and opportunities to integrate scientific innovations in land management. Students take courses in soil science, water resource management, ecology, biology, geology, meteorology, and professional development to prepare for careers where expertise in soil and water science is required. 

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Environmental Soil and Water Science

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Environmental Soil and Water Science.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Cropping Systems Science major is met by completing CROP 313 and CROP 492. Those courses are referenced in item 3. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Environmental Soil and Water Science major leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences by completing items 3.a., 3.b., and 3.c. below. The completion of Biological Sciences 171 or 172 and Chemistry 161 satisfies the laboratory requirement. Completion of items 3.a., 3.b., and 3.c below will be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major.
   
   The completion of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources mathematics requirement may also satisfy the University mathematics requirement.
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
3. The following requirements for the major:
   1. a. All of the following courses (38 credits):
      1. BS 161 Cell and Molecular Biology (3)
      2. BS 162 Organismal and Population Biology (3)
      3. CEM 141 General Chemistry (4)
      4. CEM 161 Chemistry Laboratory I (1)
      5. CROP 110 Computer Applications in Agronomy (2)
      6. CROP 192 Professional Development Seminar I (1)
      7. CROP 313 Data Interpretation and Writing in the Agronomic Sciences (W) (2)
      8. CROP 492 Professional Development Seminar II (W) (1)
      9. GLG 201 Introduction to Earth and Planetary Sciences (4)
      10. SOIL 210 Fundamentals of Soil Science (3)
      11. SOIL 330 Soil Chemistry (2)
      12. SOIL 340 Applied Soil Physics (2)
      13. SOIL 360 Soil Biology (3)
      14. SOIL 470 Soil Resources (3)
      15. SOIL 480 Soil Fertility and Management (4)
   2. b. One of the following biology laboratory courses (2 credits)
      1. BS 171 Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory (2)
      2. BS 172 Organismal and Population Biology Laboratory (2)
   3. c. One of the following organic chemistry courses (4 credits)
      1. CEM 143 Survey of Organic Chemistry (4)
      2. CEM 251 Organic Chemistry I (4)
   4. d. One of the following plant courses (3 or 4 credits):
      1. CROP 101 Introduction to Crop Science (3)
      2. FOR 202 Introduction to Forestry (3)
      3. FOR 204 Forest Vegetation (3)
      4. GEO 201 Introduction to Plant Geography (3)
      5. HRT 203 Introduction to Horticulture (3)
      6. PLB 105 Plant Biology (3)
      7. PLB 203 Biology of Plants (4)
      8. PLB 218 Plants of Michigan (3)
   5. e. One of the following ecology courses (3 credits):
      1. CROP 326 Weed Science (2)
      2. and
      3. CROP 226L Weed Science Laboratory (1)
      4. FOR 340 Forest Ecology (3)
      5. IBIO 355 Ecology (3)
      6. PLB 441 Plant Ecology (3)
   6. f. Two of the following water courses (6 or 7 credits)
      1. CSUS 453 Watershed Planning and Management (3)
      2. GEO 406 Geomorphology of River and Coastal Systems (3)
      3. GLG 411 Hydrogeology (3)
      4. GLG 421 Environmental Geochemistry (4)
      5. SOIL 455 Environmental Pollutants in Soil and Water (3)
   7. g. One of the following climate or weather courses (3 credits)
      1. GEO 103 Introduction to Climate Change Studies (3)
      2. GEO 203 Introduction to Meteorology (3)
      3. GEO 402 Agricultural Climatology (3)
      4. GEO 409 Global Climate Change and Variability (3)
      5. IBIO 357 Global Change Biology (W) (3)
   8. h. One of the following math courses (3 credits)
      1. MTH 103 College Algebra (3)
      2. MTH 124 Survey of Calculus I (3)
      3. MTH 132 Calculus I (3)
   9. i. One of the following statistics courses (3 or 4 credits):
      1. STT 200 Statistical Methods (3)
      2. STT 201 Statistical Methods (4)
      3. STT 224 Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Ecologists (3)
      4. STT 421 Statistics I (3)
   10. j. One of the following policy courses (3 credits):
       1. CSUS 320 Environmental Planning and Management (3)
       2. CSUS 354 Water Resources Management (3)
       3. CSUS 464 Environmental and Natural Resource Policy in Michigan (3)
       4. FOR 466 Natural Resource Policy (3)
       5. GEO 211 Environmental Policy and Practice (3)
   11. l.  One of the following specialization courses (3 or 4 credits):
       1. CROP 460 Plant-Microbe Interactions (3)
       2. GLG 422 Field Methods in Environmental Science (3)
       3. GLG 435 Geomicrobiology (W) (4)
       4. GLG 446 Sustainable Food Systems (3)
       5. MGI 425 Microbial Ecology (3)
       6. PLB 443 Restoration Ecology (3)
   12. m. One of the following experiential courses (3 credits):
       1. CROP 493 Professional Internship in Crop and Soil Sciences (3)
       2. SOIL 499 Undergraduate Research (3)
       3. Complete 3 credits in an Education Abroad, International Internship, International Research Experience, or Study Away with approval by the advisor for the major.

The Bachelor of Science degree in Turfgrass Science and Management is designed to prepare students for career opportunities as golf course superintendents, sports turf managers, lawn care professionals, grounds managers for private and public businesses, green industry salespersons and managers, and positions within governmental and institutional entities.

Turfgrass Science and Management involves the application of biological, chemical, and physical science principles to establish and care for turfgrasses that are used to provide biological, structural, functional, and aesthetic benefits. This major provides students the opportunity to understand the challenges and opportunities to integrate scientific innovations with the science and art of turfgrass management. 

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Turfgrass Science and Management

1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Turfgrass Science and Management.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Cropping Systems Science major is met by completing TURF 402. That course is referenced in item 3. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Environmental Soil and Water Science major leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, may complete an alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that consists of the following courses: Plant Biology 105 and 106 combined; and Chemistry 141, 143, and 161. The completion of Plant Biology 106 and Chemistry 161 satisfies the laboratory requirement. Plant Biology 105 and 106 combined and Chemistry 141, 143, and 161 may be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major referenced in item 3. below.
   
   The completion of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources mathematics requirement may also satisfy the University mathematics requirement.
2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.
   
   Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.
3. The following requirements for the major:
   1. a. One of the following courses (3 to 5 credits):
      1. MTH 103 College Algebra (3)
      2. MTH 116 College Algebra and Trigonometry (5)
   2. b. One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
      1. STT 200 Statistical Methods (3)
      2. STT 201 Statistical Methods (4)
      3. STT 224 Introduction to Probability and Statistics (3)
      4. STT 421 Statistics I (3)
   3. c.  One of the following courses (4 credits):
      1. CEM 143 Survey of Organic Chemistry (4)
      2. CEM 251 Organic Chemistry I (4)
   4. d. All of the following courses (56 credits):
      1. CEM 141 General Chemistry (4)
      2. CEM 161 Chemistry Laboratory I (1)
      3. COM 100 Human Communication (3)
      4. CROP 110 Computer Applications in Agronomy (2)
      5. CROP 226L Weed Science Lab (1)
      6. CROP 326 Weed Science (2)
      7. ENT 264 Turfgrass Entomology (3)
      8. PLB 105 Plant Biology (3)
      9. PLB 106 Plant Biology Lab (1)
      10. PLP 266 Turf Pathology (3)
      11. SOIL 210 Fundamentals of Soil Science (3)
      12. TURF 178 Turf Irrigation (3)
      13. TURF 181 Pesticide and Fertilizer Application Technology (3)
      14. TURF 212 Turfgrass Biology (3)
      15. TURF 242 Turf Cultural Practices (2)
      16. TURF 262 Turf Management Seminar I (1)
      17. TURF 267 Performance Turf Design and Construction (2)
      18. TURF 269 Turf Management Strategies (2)
      19. TURF 272 Turf Soil Fertility (2)
      20. TURF 282 Turfgrass Physiology (2)
      21. TURF 402 Turf in the Environment and Society (W) (3)
      22. TURF 462 Turf Management Seminar II (1)
      23. TURF 469 Advanced Turf Management Strategies (1)
      24. TURF 472 Advanced Turf Soil Fertility (1)
      25. TURF 482 Advanced Turfgrass Physiology (1)
      26. TURF 493 Professional Internship in Turfgrass Science and Management (3)
   5. e. One of the following courses: (3 credits):
      1. CROP 350 Introduction to Plant Genetics (3)
      2. CROP 441 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (3)
   6. f. One of the following courses: (3 credits):
      1. GEO 103 Introduction to Climate Change Studies (3)
      2. GEO 203 Introduction to Meteorology (3)
      3. GEO 402 Agricultural Climatology (3)
   7. g. Two of the following courses: (5 or 6 credits):
      1. ACC 230 Survey of Accounting Concepts (3)
      2. HB 425 Golf Operations and Management (3)
      3. MGT 325 Management Skills and Processes (3)
      4. TURF 171 Operations Budgeting for Golf Course Managers (2)
   8. h. A minimum of 3 credits from the following courses:
      1. CROP 451 Biotechnology Applications in Plant Breeding and Genetics (3)
      2. CROP 460 Plant-Microbe Interactions (3)
      3. CROP 485 Physiology in Plant Nutrition (3)
      4. CSUS 354 Water Resources Management (3)
      5. ENT 404 Fundamentals of Entomology (4)
      6. ENT 477 Pesticides in Pest Management (3)
      7. GLG 411 Hydrogeology (3)
      8. MGI 425 Microbial Ecology (3)
      9. PLP 405 Plant Pathology (4)
      10. PLP 407 Diseases and Insects of Forest and Shade Trees (4)
      11. SOIL 330 Soil Chemistry (2)
      12. SOIL 340 Applied Soil Physics (2)
      13. SOIL 360 Soil Biology (3)
      14. SOIL 455 Environmental Pollutants in Soil and Water (3)
      15. SOIL 470 Soil Resources (3)

The Minor in Agronomy, which is administered by the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, is designed to serve students with majors in fields other than Crop and Soil Sciences who are interested in agronomy and who plan to pursue careers in agriculture for which a basic familiarity with the science of cropping systems is important. The minor will provide an opportunity for students to gain a fundamental understanding of the science of food production, including crop management, soil management, and plant breeding and biotechnology.

This minor is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs at Michigan State University other than the Bachelor of Science Degree in Crop and Soil Sciences or the Bachelor of Science Degree in Environmental Soil Science. With the approval of the department and college that administer the student’s degree program, the courses that are used to satisfy the minor may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the bachelor’s degree.

Students who plan to complete the requirements of the minor should consult the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences and have their program of study approved in advance and in writing.

Requirements for the Minor in Agronomy

Complete a minimum of 16 credits from the following:

1. 1. All of the following courses (7 credits):
   1. CROP 101 Introduction to Crop Science (3)
   2. CROP 101L Introduction to Crop Science Laboratory (1)
   3. SOIL 210 Fundamentals of Soil Science (3)
2. 2. One of the following courses (3 credits):
   1. CROP 420 Cover Crops Agroecosystems (3)
   2. CROP 488 Agricultural Cropping Systems: Integration and Problem Solving (3)
3. 3. Complete 6 credits from the following:
   1. CROP 135 Crop Scouting and Investigation (3)
   2. CROP 151 Seed and Grain Quality (2)
   3. CROP 201 Forage Crops (3)
   4. CROP 212 Advanced Crop Production (2)
   5. CROP 326 Weed Science (2)
   6. and
   7. CROP 226L Weed Science Laboratory (1)
   8. CROP 350 Introduction to Plant Genetics (3)
   9. CROP 441 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (3)
   10. CROP 442 Agroecology Ecology (3)
   11. CROP 467 Bioenergy Feedstock Production (3)
   12. HRT 251 Organic Farming Principles and Practices (3)
   13. SOIL 330 Soil Chemistry (2)
   14. SOIL 340 Applied Soil Physics (2)
   15. SOIL 360 Soil Biology (3)
   16. SOIL 470 Soil Resources (3)

This minor is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs and is designed for students who have an interest in applied development in international agriculture and natural resources. It seeks to increase student understanding of global agriculture, particular agriculture-related problems and issues in developing and developed nations, and issues related to sustainability and stewardship of the Earth. Students who complete this minor will gain knowledge and experience relevant for careers in international agriculture, international development, and related fields.

The College of Agriculture and Natural Resources and James Madison College in cooperation with the Departments of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Animal Science, Food Science and Human Nutrition, Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and Fisheries and Wildlife, and the College of Social Science in cooperation with the Department of Geography participate in the Minor in Applied Development in International Agriculture and Natural Resources. The Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences is the primary administrative unit.

The student’s program of study for the minor must be approved by the advisor of the Minor in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences  or James Madison College in advance and in writing. With the approval of the department that administers the student’s degree program, courses that are used to satisfy the requirements for the minor may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the bachelor’s degree.

Requirements for the Minor in Applied Development in International Agriculture and Natural Resources

The student must meet the requirements specified below:

1. 1. Both of the following courses (5 credits):
   1. CROP 294 Issues in International Agriculture (1)
   2. MC 430 Applied International Development (4)
2. 2. One of the following courses (3 credits):
   1. ANS 480 Animal Systems in International Development (3)
   2. CROP 431 International Agricultural Systems (3)
   3. FW 481 Global Issues in Fisheries and Wildlife (3)
   4. ANS 480 may not be used to fulfill both this requirement and the Education Abroad requirement below.
3. 3. One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   1. AFRE 206 World Food, Population and Poverty (3)
   2. AFRE 327 Global Agri-Food Industries and Markets (3)
   3. FW 445 Biodiversity Conservation Policy and Practice (3)
   4. GEO 410 Geography of Food and Agriculture (3)
   5. HNF 406 Global Foods and Culture (3)
   6. MC 320 Problems and Paradoxes in Global Development (4)
   7. MC 450 International Environmental Law and Policy (3)
4. 4. Complete 3 credits in an Education Abroad, International Internship, or International Research Experience with approval by the advisor for the minor.
5. 5. Complete 3 or 4 credits in a foreign language, an additional Education Abroad, International Internship or International Research Experience, or additional elective course from items 2. and 3. above with approval by the advisor for the minor.

The Minor in Environmental Soil Science is intended to serve students and professionals who plan to pursue careers in soil science, soil health, or related agricultural, natural resource, and environmental sciences with a focus on the sustainable management of soils to produce food, fiber, and other products while conserving or regenerating natural and managed ecosystems.
 
The requirements meet the soil science course work requirements for Federal and state employment as soil scientists, as well as the course work requirements necessary to become a Certified Professional Soil Scientist (CPSS).
 
At least 9 credits counted towards the requirements for this minor must be unique. Unique credits must not be used to fulfill another university, college, or major requirement in the student's program.
 
With the approval of the department and college that administer the student's degree program, 6 credits of course work that are used to satisfy the requirements for the minor may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the bachelor's degree.
 
Students who are interested in enrolling should contact an undergraduate advisor in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences.
 
Requirements for the Minor in Environmental Soil Science

Complete all of the following courses (15 credits):

1. 1. The following course (3 credits):
   1. SOIL 210 Fundamentals of Soil Science (3)
2. 2. Complete 12 credits from the following, with a minimum of 6 credits from the Soil Science category:
   1. Soil Science
   2. SOIL 203 World of Soils (2)
   3. SOIL 330 Soil Chemistry (2)
   4. SOIL 340 Applied Soil Physics (2)
   5. SOIL 360 Soil Biology (2)
   6. SOIL 470 Soil Resources (3)
   7. SOIL 480 Soil Fertility and Management (3)
   8. Approved Electives
   9. ANS 418 Animal Agriculture and the Environment (3)
   10. CROP 411 Fire and Environmental Quality (3)
   11. CROP 420 Cover Crops in Agroecosystems (3)
   12. CROP 442 Agricultural Ecology (3)
   13. CROP 460 Plant-Microbe Interactions (3)
   14. CROP 488 Agricultural Cropping Systems: Integration and Problem Solving (3)
   15. CSUS 354 Water Resources Management (3)
   16. CSUS 453 Watershed Planning and Management (3)
   17. FOR 340 Forest Ecology (3)
   18. FOR 406 Applied Forest Ecology: Silviculture (3)
   19. FOR 413 Wildland Fire Ecology and Management (3)
   20. FW 410 Upland Ecology and Management (3)
   21. FW 416 Marine Ecology and Management (3)
   22. FW 417 Wetland Ecology and Management (3)
   23. FW 472 Limnology (3)
   24. GEO 221 Introduction to Geographic Information (3)
   25. GEO 306 Environmental Geomorphology (3)
   26. GEO 324 Remote Sensing of the Environment (4)
   27. GEO 325 Geographic Information Systems (3)
   28. GEO 402 Agricultural Climatology (3)
   29. GLG 411 Hydrogeology (3)
   30. GLG 412 Glacial Geology and the Record of Climate Change (4)
   31. GLG 431 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy (4)
   32. GLG 446 Ecosystems Modeling, Water and Food Security (3)
   33. HRT 332 Tree Fruit Production and Management (3)
   34. HRT 336 Viticulture and Berry Production (2)
   35. HRT 341 Vegetable Production and Management (3)
   36. PLB 402 Biology of Fungi (4)
   37. PLB 415 Plant Physiology (3)
   38. PLB 418 Plant Systematics (3)
   39. PLB 441 Plant Ecology (3)

The Minor in Plant Pathology provides the principles and methods in plant pathology.

The minor is available as an elective to all students who are enrolled in bachelor's degree programs at Michigan State University.  The minor is administered by the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences.

At least 9 credits counted towards the requirements for this minor must be unique. Unique credits must not be used to fulfill another university, college, or major requirement in the student's program.

Students who plan to complete the program should consult the undergraduate advisor in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences.

Requirements for the Minor in Plant Pathology

Students must complete 15 credits from the following:

1. 1. One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
   1. CROP 101 Introduction to Crop Science (3)
   2. HRT 203 Introduction to Horticulture (3)
   3. FOR 202 Introduction to Forestry (3)
   4. FOR 204 Forest Vegetation (3)
   5. PLB 203 Biology of Plants (4)
2. 2. One of the following options (4 or 5 credits):
   1. a. PLP 405 Plant Pathology (4)
   2. b. MGI 301 Introductory Microbiology (3)
      1. PLP 481 Plant Pathogen Omics and Evolution (2)
   3. c. MGI 301 Introductory Microbiology (3)
      1. PLP 482 Methods in Plant Pathology (2)
3. 3. Complete 5 to 7 credits from the following courses: 
   1. CROP 460 Plant-Microbe Interactions (3)
   2. PLB 402 Biology of Fungi (4)
   3. PLP 266 Turf Pathology (3)
   4. PLP 407 Diseases and Insects of Forest and Shade Trees (4)
   5. PLP 481 Plant Pathogen Omics and Evolution (2)
   6. PLP 482 Methods in Plant Pathology (2)
   7. PLP 492 Seminar (2)
   8. PLP 498 Undergraduate Research (1 to 4)
   9. Courses may not be used to fulfill requirement 2. and 3.
4. 4. Additional courses to complete 15 credits:
   1. CROP 135 Crop Scouting and Investigation (3)
   2. ENT 477 Pesticides in Pest Management (3)
   3. ENT 478 Integrated Pest Management (W) (3)
   4. ENT 479 Organic Pest Management (W) (3)
   5. MGI 302 Introductory Laboratory for General and Allied Health Microbiology (1)
   6. MGI 425 Microbial Ecology (3)
   7. MGI 461 Molecular Pathogenesis (3)
   8. MGI 499 Undergraduate Research (1 to 3)

The Minor in Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems is designed to foster active learning about agriculture and food systems for undergraduate students from different disciplinary backgrounds. Contemporary agriculture and food systems issues will be considered in biological, ecological, social, and economic contexts.

The minor is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs at Michigan State University. With the approval of the department and college that administers the student’s degree program, the courses that are used to satisfy the minor may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the bachelor’s degree. The student’s program of study must be approved by the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences in advance and in writing.

Requirements for the Minor in Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems

The student must complete 15 credits from the following:

1. 1. All of the following courses (6 credits):
   1. CROP 124 Introduction Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems (2)
   2. CROP 224 Sustainable Farm and Food Systems (1)
   3. CROP 424 Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems: Integration and Synthesis (3)
2. 2. One or two of the following courses (3 to 6 credits):
   1. Agricultural Sciences
   2. CROP 101 Introduction to Crop Science (3)
   3. CROP 431 International Agricultural Systems (3)
   4. CROP 442 Agricultural Ecology (3)
   5. ENT 479 Organic Pest Management (W) (3)
   6. HNF 150 Introduction to Human Nutrition (3)
   7. HRT 203 Introduction to Horticulture (3)
   8. HRT 251 Organic Farming Principles and Practices (3)
   9. HRT 341 Vegetable Production and Management (3)
   10. HRT 486 Biotechnology in Agriculture: Applications and Ethical Issues (3)
   11. SOIL 360 Soil Biology (3)
3. 3. One or two of the following courses (3 to 6 credits):
   1. AFRE 206 World Food, Population and Poverty (3)
   2. AFRE 265 Ecological Economics (3)
   3. AFRE 300 Public Policy Issues in the Agrifood System (3)
   4. CSUS 343 Community Food and Agricultural Systems (3)
   5. GEO 410 Geography of Food and Agriculture (3)
   6. HNF 406 Global Foods and Culture (3)

The Minor in Turfgrass Management, administered by the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, is designed to serve students that plan to work in the landscape, recreational, or the sports management industry. Students will gain an understanding of the fundamentals of maintaining a turfgrass-playing surface or the turfgrass within a lawn or landscape.

The minor is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs at Michigan State University. With the approval of the department and college that administer the student’s degree program, the courses that are used to satisfy the minor may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the bachelor’s degree.

Students who plan to complete the requirements of the minor should consult the undergraduate advisor in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences to have their program of study approved in advance.

Requirements for the Minor in Turfgrass Management

Complete a minimum of 16 credits from the following: 

1. 1. All of the following courses (9 credits):
   1. SOIL 210 Fundamentals of Soil Science (3)
   2. TURF 212 Turfgrass Biology (3)
   3. TURF 242 Turf Cultural Practices (2)
   4. TURF 262 Turfgrass Management Seminar I (1)
2. 2. One course from each of the following areas (a minimum of 7 credits):
   1. Management of Turfgrass Cultural Practices
   2. TURF 178 Turfgrass Irrigation (3)
   3. TURF 267 Performance Turf Design and Construction (2)
   4. TURF 272 Turfgrass Soil Fertility (2)
   5. TURF 282 Turfgrass Physiology (2)
   6. Management of Turfgrass Pests
   7. CROP 326 Weed Science (2)
   8. and
   9. CROP 226L Weed Science Laboratory (1)
   10. ENT 264 Turfgrass Entomology (3)
   11. PLP 266 Turf Pathology (3)
   12. TURF 181 Pesticide and Fertilizer Application Technology (3)
   13. General Turfgrass Management
   14. HRT 214 Landscape and Turfgrass Business Operations (2)
   15. TURF 171 Operations Budgeting for Golf Course Managers (2)
   16. TURF 202 World of Turf (2)

Crop and soil science graduate students may study in one or more emphasis areas, including plant breeding and genetics; crop physiology, ecology, and management; weed science;  turfgrass management; soil genesis and classification; soil microbiology and biochemistry; soil physics; soil chemistry; soil biophysics; soil fertility; and environmental and pollution aspects of soil science, including the study of waste disposal on land. Graduate programs of study are designed to reflect the individual needs and interests of students.

Master of Science

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Regular admission may be granted to students who have a bachelor's degree or its equivalent, a 3.00 grade-point average, and appropriate training in the biological and physical sciences and mathematics. Provisional admission may be granted to students who do not meet the requirements for regular admission. Students with deficiencies in their backgrounds will be required to complete collateral courses in addition to the courses that are required for the master's degree. Collateral course work does not count towards the degree requirements.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Crop and Soil Sciences

The student may elect either Plan A (with thesis) or Plan B (without thesis). A total of 30  credits is required for the degree under either Plan A or Plan B. The student's program of study is planned in consultation with the guidance committee, which includes the major professor.

1. Requirements for Plan A and Plan B
2. 1. One of the following writing courses:
   1. CSS 880 Scientific Communication and Professional Development (1)
   2. ENT 812 Graduate Seminar (1)
   3. HRT 860 Scientific Writing: Workshop (1)
3. 2. Acquire experience in either (a) teaching, by serving as a teaching assistant in a course, or (b) extension through the development and delivery of outreach programs or materials, as approved by the guidance committee.
4. 3. Complete the responsible conduct of research training.
5. Additional Requirements for Plan A
6. 1. Complete 6 to 10 credits of CSS 899 Master's Thesis Research.
7. 2. Complete a written thesis and present the results publicly at a departmental seminar prior to graduation.
8. 3. Pass an oral examination before the guidance committee immediately after the public seminar at which the thesis results are presented.
9. Additional Requirements for Plan B
10. 1. Complete a project through enrollment of up to 6 credits in CSS 890 and present the results publicly at a departmental seminar prior to graduation.
11. 2. Pass an oral examination before the guidance committee immediately after the public seminar at which the project results are presented.

Students are encouraged to take courses that provide a broad background in biological and physical sciences in addition to training in specialized areas. The doctoral program aims to provide a high quality crop and soil science experience to equip students with the skills necessary for research, teaching, and extension, or other agriculture-related positions that require the Doctor of Philosophy degree.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Regular admission may be granted to students who have a master's degree or its equivalent, a 3.00 grade-point average, and appropriate training in the biological and physical sciences and mathematics. Outstanding students without a master's degree may be accepted. Provisional admission may be granted to students who do not meet the requirements for regular admission. Students with deficiencies in their backgrounds will be required to complete collateral courses in addition to the courses that are required for the master's degree. Collateral course work does not count towards the degree requirements.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Crop and Soil Sciences

All doctoral students must plan their degree program in consultation with the guidance committee and their major professor and must meet the requirements specified below:

1. 1. Complete at least 24 credits including one of the following writing courses:
   1. CSS  880 Scientific Communication and Professional Development (1)
   2. ENT  812 Graduate Seminar (1)
   3. HRT  860 Scientific Writing: Workshop (1)
2. 2. Acquire experience in either (a) teaching, by serving as a teaching assistant in a course, or (b) extension through the development and delivery of outreach programs or materials, as approved by the guidance committee.
3. 3. Complete the responsible conduct of research training.
4. 4. Complete 24 credits of CSS 999 Doctoral Dissertation Research.
5. 5. Complete a written dissertation proposal and present its results publicly at a departmental seminar prior to graduation.
6. 6. Presentation of at least one oral seminar on the dissertation research at a professional meeting.
7. 7. Complete oral and written comprehensive examinations.
8. 8. Pass a final oral examination in defense of the dissertation before the guidance committee immediately after the public seminar at which the dissertation results are presented.

The Master of Science Degree in Global Plant Breeding provides opportunities for working professionals to obtain new knowledge in laws and regulations, design thinking and leadership, and global seed systems.
 
In addition to meeting the requirements of the University and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.
 
Admission
 
The student must:

1. have earned a bachelor’s degree with a grade-point average of 3.0;
2. provide all undergraduate transcripts;
3. provide three letters of recommendation;
4. provide a personal statement describing the applicants interest and experience in plant breeding and their personal career goals;
5. provide a resume or test scores from a standardized graduate or professional school test such as the GRE, GMAT, MCAT, DAT, or LSAT, which may be waived if the applicant has a previously conferred graduate or professional degree;
6. provide test scores from an English proficiency examination if from non-English speaking country;
7. have completed at least one college level introductory course in Advanced Mathematics, Biology, and Genetics;
8. have completed 15 undergraduate credit hours in plant science course work.

1. 1. Complete all of the following courses (24 credits):
   1. CROP 441 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (3)
   2. CROP 451 Biotechnology Applications for Plant Breeding and Genetics (3)
   3. CSS 815 Statistics for Plant Breeders (3)
   4. CSS 816 R Modules for Plant Breeders (2)
   5. CSS 817 Global Plant Breeding Regulations (2)
   6. CSS 818 Design Thinking and Leadership for Plant Breeders (2)
   7. CSS 830 Breeding for Quantitative Traits (3)
   8. CSS 831 Breeding for Biotic and Abiotic Stresses (3)
   9. CSS 832 Global Seed Systems (3)
2. 2.  Complete both of the following courses (6 credits):
   1. CSS 870 Capstone in Global Plant Breeding (3)
   2. CSS 890 Independent Study (3)
3. 3.  Final Examination: Students in the Plan B Global Plant Breeding Master of Science degree program are required to pass an oral evaluation in defense of their capstone course project. The final oral examination includes a public presentation, followed by a closed-door examination by the student’s Graduate Committee. The MS final exam includes all material from the student's coursework and final capstone project. In case of failure, one re-examination may be scheduled for the following semester. The final oral examination must be passed within five calendar years from the date of enrollment in the first course in the Global Plant Breeding degree program.
4. 4.  Responsible and Ethical Conduct of Research (RECR) Requirement: The Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences require all students to meet the minimum MSU requirements for Responsible and Ethical Conduct of Research as follows:
   Year 1: Complete 3 CITI online modules within the first year of enrollment in their program. (https://grad.msu.edu/academics/research-integrity/recr-workshop-series)
   Year 2: Complete 3 additional CITI online modules. 
   Discussion-Based Training: Complete a minimum of 6 hours of discussion-based training by completing workshops offered by the Graduate School or discussions with the major professor, graduate committee, or courses.

The Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences offers Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degree programs in plant breeding, genetics and biotechnology–crop and soil sciences. The requirements for admission and the requirements for the degree are specified in the statement on Interdepartmental Graduate Programs in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology.

Plant pathology graduate students may study in one or more emphasis areas, including phytobacteriology, mycology, virology, epidemiology, host parasite interactions, soil microbiology, disease management and molecular biology. Commodity-oriented strategic research areas in which the above emphasis areas may be studied include vegetable crops, fruit crops, nursery, landscape and ornamentals, field crops, turf crops, and forest and tree pathology. Students are encouraged to take courses which provide a broad background in biological and physical sciences in addition to training in specialized areas.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Regular admission may be granted to those students who have a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent, a 3.00 grade point average, and appropriate training in the biological and physical sciences and mathematics.

Provisional admission may be granted to those students who do not meet the requirements for regular admission. Students with deficiencies in their backgrounds will be required to complete collateral courses in addition to the courses that are required for the master's degree. Collateral course work does not count towards the degree requirements.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Plant Pathology
The student may elect either Plan A (with thesis) or Plan B (without thesis). A total of 30  credits is required for the degree under either Plan A or Plan B. The student's program of study is planned in consultation with the guidance committee, which includes the major professor.

1. Requirements for Plan A and Plan B
2. 1. Both of the following courses (3 credits):
   1. PLP  894 Seminar in Plant Pathology (1)
   2. PLP  805 Principles in Plant Pathology (2)
3. 2. Two of the following courses (7 or 8 credits):
   1. PLP  847 Advanced Mycology (4)
   2. or
   3. PLB  402 Biology of Fungi (4)
   4. PLP  884 Prokaryotic Diseases of Plants (3)
   5. PLP  885 Plant Diseases in the Field (2)
4. 3. One of the following courses (3 credits):
   1. PLP  812 Epidemiology of Plant Diseases (3)
   2. PLP  850 Physiological Plant Pathology (3)
   3. PLP  881 Molecular and Biochemical Plant Pathology (3)
5. 4. Acquire experience in either (a) teaching, by serving as a teaching assistant in a course or, (b) extension, through the development and delivery of outreach programs or materials, as approved by the guidance committee.
6. 5. Other courses and/or reading knowledge of a foreign language as specified by the guidance committee.
7. Additional Requirements for Plan A
8. 1. Complete 4 credits of PLP 899 Master's Thesis Research.
9. 2. Complete a written thesis and present the result publicly at a departmental seminar prior to graduation.
10. 3. Pass a final oral examination in defense of the thesis before the guidance committee which occurs immediately after the public seminar at which the thesis results are presented.
11. Additional Requirements for Plan B
12. 1. Complete a project and present the result publicly at a departmental seminar prior to graduation.
13. 2. Pass a final oral examination before the guidance committee which occurs immediately after the public seminar at which the project results are presented.

The objective of this program is to provide a high quality plant pathology graduate experience to equip students with the skills necessary for research, teaching and extension, or other agriculture-related positions that require the Doctor of Philosophy degree.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Regular admission may be granted to those students having a master’s degree or its equivalent, a 3.00 grade point average, and appropriate training in the biological and physical sciences and mathematics. Outstanding students without a master’s degree may be accepted.

Provisional admission may be granted to those students who do not meet the requirements for regular admission.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Plant Pathology

All doctoral students in plant pathology must meet the requirements specified below:

1. 1. Pass a preliminary examination.
2. 2. Acquire experience in either (a) teaching, by serving as a teaching assistant in a course or, (b) extension, through the development and delivery of outreach programs or materials, as approved by the guidance committee.
3. 3. Complete all of the following courses:
   1. PLP  805 Principles of Plant Diseases (3)
   2. PLP  812 Epidemiology of Plant Diseases (3)
   3. PLP  847 Advanced Mycology (4)
   4. or
   5. PLB  402 Biology of Fungi (4)
   6. PLP  850 Physiological Plant Pathology (3)
   7. PLP  881 Molecular and Biochemical Plant Pathology (3)
   8. PLP  884 Prokaryotic Diseases of Plants (3)
   9. PLP  885 Plant Diseases in the Field (2)
   10. PLP  894 Seminar in Plant Pathology (3)
   11. PLP  999 Doctoral Dissertation Research 24
   12. Students who completed 2 credits of PLP 894 at MSU as a master's student must complete 3 additional credits of PLP 894.
4. 4. Other courses and/or reading knowledge of a foreign language as specified by the guidance committee.
5. 5. Complete oral and written comprehensive examinations.
6. 6. Complete a written thesis and present the result publicly at a departmental seminar prior to graduation.
7. 7. Pass an oral examination in defense of the thesis before the guidance committee which occurs immediately after the public seminar at which the thesis results are presented.

The Graduate Specialization in Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems is designed to foster an understanding of biogeochemical, socioeconomic, and policy concepts using experiential learning within the individual’s program of study as a venue for multidisciplinary work. For global perspectives, students are encouraged to participate in either a study abroad course with ecological food and farming systems content, or in a course with international focus.

The specialization is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in master’s or doctoral degree programs at Michigan State University. With the approval of the department and college that administers the student’s degree program, the courses that are used to satisfy the specialization may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the master’s or doctoral degree. The students program of study must be approved by the advisor for the specialization in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences in advance and in writing.

Requirements for the Graduate Specialization in Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems

The student must complete 9 credits from the following:

1. 1. Both of the following courses (3 credits):
   1. CSS 824 Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems Field Practicum (2)
   2. CSS 826 Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems Capstone Seminar (1)
2. 2. One of the following courses (3 credits):
   1. CSS 424 Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems: Integration and Synthesis (3)
   2. CSS 431 International Agricultural Systems (3)
   3. CSS 442 Agricultural Ecology (3)
   4. CSS 893 Special Topics (3)
   5. ENT 479 Organic Pest Management (W) (3)
   6. ENT 848 Biological Control of Insects and Weeds (3)
   7. HRT 486 Biotechnology in Agriculture: Applications and Ethical Issues (3)
3. 3. One of the following courses (3 credits):
   1. AFRE 300 Public Policy Issues in the Agri-Food System (3)
   2. AFRE 861 Agriculture in Economic Development (3)
   3. CSUS 463 Food Fight: Politics of Food (3)
   4. CSUS 811 Community, Food and Agriculture: A Survey (3)
   5. CSUS 838 Participatory Modes of Inquiry (3)
   6. CSUS 848 Community Based Natural Resource Management in International Development
   7. CSUS 855 Political Ecology of Food
   8. CSUS 858 Gender, Justice, and Environmental Change: Issues and Concepts (3)
   9. GEO 410 Geography of Food and Agriculture (3)
   10. HNF 406 Global Foods and Culture (3)