Academic Programs Catalog

College of Agriculture and Natural Resources

Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics

Scott M. Swinton, Chairperson


The department administers highly successful undergraduate and graduate programs in applied economics and management with a focus on agriculture, food, and natural resources.
 


Undergraduate Programs

The department offers three undergraduate majors:  agribusiness management, environmental economics and management, and food industry management. These majors emphasize the application of business and social sciences to the management of public and private sector organizations. Each major is built on a liberal education base with a core of professional courses and sufficient electives for students and their advisors to tailor individualized programs.

 


Agribusiness Management

The agribusiness management major is designed for students who are interested in careers with agricultural input supply, agricultural production, commodity assembly and processing, and agricultural marketing organizations.  The program, which focuses on the managerial functions performed by organizations throughout the agribusiness sector, provides a system–wide perspective of managerial problems confronting such organizations.  Faculty who are associated with the program maintain close relationships with agribusiness companies. Those relationships benefit students who seek information about careers, scholarships, and employment in the field.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Agribusiness Management

  1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Agribusiness Management.

    The University's Tier II Writing Requirement for the Agribusiness Management major is met by completing one of the following courses: Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 445 or 465. Those courses are referenced in item 3. below.
  2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.

    Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.

    Students must achieve a grade of at least 2.0 or higher in each AFRE course referenced in items 3. a. and in all courses taken to fulfill requirements 3. b., 3. c. and 3.d.
  3. The following requirements for the major:
    a. All of the following courses (38 credits):
    AFRE 100 Decision-making in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 130 Farm Management I 3
    AFRE 203 Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 206 World Food, Population and Poverty 3
    AFRE 210 Professional Seminar in Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics 1
    AFRE 222 Agribusiness and Food Industry Sales (W) 3
    AFRE 232 Commodity Marketing I 3
    AFRE 240 Food Product Marketing 3
    AFRE 265 Ecological Economics 3
    AFRE 410 Advanced Professional Seminar in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 1
    AFRE 435 Financial Management in the Agri-Food System 3
    EC 201 Introduction to Microeconomics 3
    EC 202 Introduction to Macroeconomics 3
    SCM 304 Survey of Supply Chain Management 3
    b. Three of the following courses (9 credits):
    AFRE 224 Information and Market Intelligence in the Agri-Food Industry 3
    AFRE 300 Public Policy Issues in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 315 Labor and Personnel Management in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 322 Organization of the Agri-Food Systems 3
    AFRE 327 Global Agri-Food Industries and Markets 3
    AFRE 330 Farm Management II 3
    AFRE 432 Commodity Marketing II 3
    AFRE 445 Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W) 3
    AFRE 465 Corporate Environmental Management (W) 3
    AFRE 490 Independent Study in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 3
    AFRE 493 Professional Internship in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 3
    A study abroad or independent study experience may also fulfill part of this requirement through enrollment in AFRE 490 with approval by the department.
    Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 300, 330 or 432 may be used to fulfill requirement 3.b. if not used to fulfill requirement 3.d.
    c. One of the following courses (3 credits):
    AFRE 445 Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W) 3
    AFRE 465 Corporate Environmental Management (W) 3
    d. One of the following courses (3 credits):
    AFRE 300 Public Policy Issues in Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 330 Farm Management II 3
    AFRE 432 Commodity Marketing II 3
    e. One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
    AFRE 303 Managerial Economics 3
    EC 301 Intermediate Microeconomics 3
    f. One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
    STT 200 Statistical Methods 3
    STT 201 Statistical Methods 4
    STT 315 Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Business 3
    g. Complete 6 credits in sciences related to agricultural production and processing, as approved by the department. It is recommended that these credits be from the same discipline.


Environmental Economics and Management

Environmental Economics and Management prepares students for careers that require consideration of environmental sustainability and economic performance goals for the public sector and businesses. The business component has a particular focus on resource, agricultural, and food industries, as these have strong environmental linkages. The major develops skills in environmental economics and policy analysis as well as core business disciplines such as accounting, marketing, and supply chain management. Business skills and knowledge are developed to help manage or create environmentally and socially responsive business organizations that also deliver shareholder value. The major prepares students for sustainability related employment opportunities with state and federal government agencies, non-profit organizations, the agricultural and food industry, and consulting firms. The major also offers students the opportunity to prepare for graduate study in environmental economics and policy or business programs.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Environmental Economics and Management

  1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Economics and Management.

    The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Environmental Economics and Management major is met by completing Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 465. That course is referenced in item 3. a. below.
     
  2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.

    Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.

    Students must achieve a grade of at least 2.0 or higher in each AFRE course referenced in items 3. a. and in courses taken to fulfill requirements 3. b. and 3. c.

    The following requirements for the major:
    a. All of the following courses (38 credits):
    AFRE 100 Decision-making in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 203 Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 206 World Food, Population and Poverty 3
    AFRE 210 Professional Seminar in Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics 1
    AFRE 222 Agribusiness and Food Industry Sales (W) 3
    AFRE 240 Food Product Marketing 3
    AFRE 265 Ecological Economics 3
    AFRE 360 Environmental Economics 3
    AFRE 410 Advanced Professional Seminar in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 1
    AFRE 460 Natural Resource Economics 3
    AFRE 465 Corporate Environmental Management (W) 3
    EC 201 Introduction to Microeconomics 3
    EC 202 Introduction to Macroeconomics 3
    SCM 304 Survey of Supply Chain Management 3
    b. Three of the following courses (9 or 10 credits):
    AFRE 224 Information and Market Intelligence in the Agri-Food Industry 3
    AFRE 300 Public Policy Issues in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 315 Labor and Personnel Management in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 322 Organization of the Agri-Food Systems 3
    AFRE 327 Global Agri-Food Industries and Markets 3
    AFRE 435 Financial Management in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 445 Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W) 3
    AFRE 490 Independent Study in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 3
    AFRE 493 Professional Internship in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 3
    CSUS 354 Water Resources Management 3
    CSUS 465 Environmental and Natural Resource Law 3
    EC 450 Economics of Environmental Policy (W) 3
    FOR 419 Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Natural Resource Management 4
    A study abroad or independent study experience may also fulfill part of this requirement through enrollment in AFRE 490 with approval by the department.
    Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 435 or 445 may be used to fulfill requirement 3.b. if not used to fulfill requirement 3.c.
    c. One of the following courses (3 credits):
    AFRE 435 Financial Management in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 445 Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W) 3
    d. One of the following courses (3 credits):
    ACC 201 Principles of Financial Accounting 3
    ACC 230 Survey of Accounting Concepts 3
    AFRE 130 Farm Management I 3
    FI 320 Introduction to Finance 3
    e. One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
    STT 200 Statistical Methods 3
    STT 201 Statistical Methods 4
    STT 315 Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Business 3
    f. One of the following courses (3 credits):
    AFRE 303 Managerial Economics 3
    EC 301 Intermediate Microeconomics 3
    g. Complete 6 credits in sciences related to sustainability and the environment, as approved by the department. It is recommended that these credits be from the same discipline.

Food Industry Management

The food industry management major is designed for students who are interested in careers in the food industry. Graduates of this major enter managerial positions with food wholesalers-distributors and retailers as well as sales, account management, and production supervision positions with food manufacturers. The program provides a system-wide perspective of managerial problems confronting firms in the food industry, recognizes the increasing interdependence among such firms and focuses on creating consumer value. Faculty who are associated with the program maintain close relationships with food companies and trade associations, bring practical applications and examples to the classroom and provide current information about career and scholarship opportunities.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Food Industry Management

  1. The University requirements for bachelor's degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Food Industry Management.

    The University's Tier II Writing Requirement for the Food Industry Management major is met by completing Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics 445.  This course is referenced in item 3. below.
     
  2. The requirements of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the Bachelor of Science degree.

    Certain courses referenced in requirement 3. below may be counted toward College requirements as appropriate.

    Students must achieve a grade of at least 2.0 or higher in each AFRE course referenced in items 3. a. and in courses taken to fulfill requirements 3. b. and 3. c.
     
  3. The following requirements for the major:
    a. All of the following courses (38 credits):
    AFRE 100 Decision-making in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 203 Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 206 World Food, Population and Poverty 3
    AFRE 210 Professional Seminar in Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics 1
    AFRE 222 Agribusiness and Food Industry Sales 3
    AFRE 240 Food Product Marketing 3
    AFRE 265 Ecological Economics 3
    AFRE 340 Food Marketing Research and Analytics 3
    AFRE 410 Advanced Professional Seminar in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 1
    AFRE 440 Food Marketing Management 3
    AFRE 445 Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W) 3
    EC 201 Introduction to Microeconomics 3
    EC 202 Introduction to Macroeconomics 3
    SCM 304 Survey of Supply Chain Management 3
    b. Three of the following courses (9 credits):
    AFRE 224 Information and Market Intelligence in the Agri-Food Industry 3
    AFRE 232 Commodity Marketing I 3
    AFRE 300 Public Policy Issues in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 315 Labor and Personnel Management in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 322 Organization of the Agri-Food Systems 3
    AFRE 327 Global Agri-Food Industries and Markets 3
    AFRE 435 Financial Management in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 465 Corporate Environmental Management (W) 3
    AFRE 490 Independent Study in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 3
    AFRE 493 Professional Internship in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 3
    A study abroad or independent study experience may also fulfill part of this requirement through enrollment in AFRE 490 with approval by the department.
    Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 435 or 465 may be used to fulfill requirement 3.b. if not used to fulfill requirement 3.c.
    c. One of the following courses (3 credits):
    AFRE 435 Financial Management in the Agri-Food System 3
    AFRE 465 Corporate Environmental Management (W) 3
    d. One of the following courses (3 credits):
    ACC 201 Principles of Financial Accounting 3
    ACC 230 Survey of Accounting Concepts 3
    AFRE 130 Farm Management I 3
    FI 320 Introduction to Finance 3
    e. One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
    STT 200 Statistical Methods 3
    STT 201 Statistical Methods 4
    STT 315 Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Business 3
    f. One of the following courses (3 credits):
    AFRE 303 Managerial Economics 3
    EC 301 Intermediate Microeconomics 3
    g. Complete 6 credits in sciences related to food production and processing, as approved by the department. It is recommended that these credits be from the same discipline.


Minor in Agribusiness Management

The Minor in Agribusiness Management is designed to serve students with majors in other fields who are interested in careers in agribusiness.  The primary educational objective of the minor is to provide students with a fundamental knowledge of business management in relation to agribusiness firms.

The minor is available as an elective to all students who are enrolled in bachelor's degree programs at Michigan State University other than the Bachelor of Science degree program with a major in agribusiness management.  The minor is administered by the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.

At least 9 credits counted towards the requirements for this minor must be unique. Unique credits must not be used to fulfill another university, college, or major requirement in the student's program.

Requirements for the Minor in Agribusiness Management

The student must complete 15 credits from the following:

1. Both of the following courses (6 credits):
AFRE 100 Decision-making in the Agri-Food System 3
AFRE 203 Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System 3
2. One of the following courses (3 credits):
AFRE 130 Farm Management I 3
AFRE 232 Commodity Marketing 3
3. Two of the following courses including at least one course at the 300-level or above (6 credits):
AFRE 130 Farm Management I 3
AFRE 222 Agribusiness and Food Industry Sales 3
AFRE 232 Commodity Marketing 3
AFRE 300 Public Policy Issues in the Agri-Food System 3
AFRE 303 Managerial Economics 3
AFRE 322 Organization of the Agri-Food Systems 3
AFRE 327 Global Agri-Food Industries and Markets 3
AFRE 330 Farm Management II 3
AFRE 432 Commodity Marketing II 3
AFRE 435 Financial Management in the Agri-Food System 3
AFRE 490 Independent Study in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 3
Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 130 or 232 may be used to fulfill requirement 3. if not used to fulfill requirement 2.


Minor in Environmental Economics

The Minor in Environmental Economics is designed to serve students who are interested in the application of economics to environmental issues.  The educational objectives of the minor are to:

  1. Introduce students to the concepts and principles of environmental economics.
  2. Help students to develop the skills necessary to analyze environmental and natural resource issues.
  3. Help students to understand the economic dimensions of the many environmental issues facing society.

The minor is available as an elective to all students who are enrolled in bachelor's degree programs at Michigan State University other than the Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Economics and Management.  The minor is administered by the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.

At least 9 credits counted towards the requirements for this minor must be unique. Unique credits must not be used to fulfill another university, college, or major requirement in the student's program.

Requirements for the Minor in Environmental Economics

The student must complete a minimum of 15 credits:

1. All of the following courses (9 credits):
AFRE 203 Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System 3
AFRE 265 Ecological Economics 3
AFRE 360 Environmental Economics 3
2. One of the following courses (3 credits):
AFRE 460 Natural Resource Economics 3
AFRE 465 Corporate Environmental Management (W) 3
3. One of the following courses (3 or 4 credits):
AFRE 303 Managerial Economics 3
AFRE 460 Natural Resource Economics 3
AFRE 465 Corporate Environmental Management (W) 3
CSUS 354 Water Resources Management 3
CSUS 465 Environmental and Natural Resource Law 3
EC 450 Economics of Environmental Policy (W) 3
FOR 419 Applications of Geographic Information Systems 4
Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 460 or 465 may be used to fulfill requirement 3. if not used to satisfy requirement 2.

Minor in Food Industry Management

The Minor in Food Industry management is designed to serve students with majors in other fields who are interested in careers in the food industry.  The primary educational objective of the minor is to provide students with a fundamental knowledge of business management in relation to the food industry.

The minor is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in bachelor's degree programs at Michigan State University other than the Bachelor of Science degree program with a major in food industry management.  The minor is administered by the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.

At least 9 credits counted towards the requirements for this minor must be unique. Unique credits must not be used to fulfill another university, college, or major requirement in the student's program.

Requirements for the Minor in Food Industry Management

The student must complete 15 credits from the following:

1. All of the following courses (9 credits):
AFRE 100 Decision-making in the Agri-Food System 3
AFRE 203 Data Analysis for the Agri-Food System 3
AFRE 240 Food Product Marketing 3
2. One of the following courses (3 credits):
AFRE 340 Food Marketing Research and Analytics 3
AFRE 440 Food Marketing Management 3
3. One of the following courses (3 credits):
AFRE 222 Agribusiness and Food Industry Sales 3
AFRE 300 Public Policy Issues in the Agri-Food System 3
AFRE 303 Managerial Economics 3
AFRE 322 Organization of the Agri-Food Systems 3
AFRE 327 Global Agri-Food Industries and Markets 3
AFRE 340 Food Marketing Research and Analytics 3
AFRE 440 Food Marketing Management 3
AFRE 445 Strategic Management for Food and Agribusiness Firms (W) 3
AFRE 490 Independent study in Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 3
Agricultural Food and Resource Economics 340 and 440 may be used to fulfill requirement 3. if not used to fulfill requirement 2.

Graduate Study

The Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics offers Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degree programs in agricultural, food and resource economics. The courses and programs are designed to help students become thoroughly grounded in the concepts and tools of economic analysis and management, and in using them to solve applied problems in areas such as development economics, environmental and resource economics, agricultural and food economics, and food and agribusiness management.

The department participates in several graduate level specializations.

Graduate students who are enrolled in the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics may elect a specialization in resource economics (M.S. and Ph.D.). For additional information, refer to the statement on Interdepartmental Graduate Specializations in Resource Economics.
 


Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics - Master of Science

The master's programs in agricultural, food and resource economics may be designed to serve either as final preparation for professional employment or as the foundation for a doctoral program.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Applications to the Master of Science Degree in Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics are evaluated by an admissions committee formed by the Department Chairperson and chaired by the Graduate Program Director.

Several criteria are used to evaluate applications including:

  1. Academic preparation including review of previous degrees and grades, Graduate Record Examination (GRE), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) scores.
  2. Letters of recommendation.
  3. Match between the applicant’s background, interests, and educational objectives, and the department’s research, teaching, and/or outreach programs.
  4. The applicant’s contribution to the diversity and balance of the department’s graduate study body.

Many undergraduate programs provide background for graduate study in agricultural, food and resource economics. However, a student with inadequate background in areas deemed important to the program of study may be required to complete collateral courses in addition to the minimum credit requirements for the degree and may be admitted on a provisional status until some deficiencies are remedied. All applicants for admission to graduate degree programs in agricultural, food and resource economics are required to submit scores for the General Test of the Graduate Record Examination.

Additional details on admission requirements and procedures are outlined on the department Web site at http://www.canr.msu.edu/afre/graduate/applying.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics

The student may elect either Plan A (with thesis) or Plan B (non-thesis research paper).  The student's plan of study should be approved by the department prior to the beginning of the second year of enrollment in the program.

A total of 30 credits is required for the degree under Plan A, and a total of 33 credits is required for the degree under Plan B.

Requirements for Both Plan A and Plan B:

  1. Complete a minimum of 3 credits of microeconomic theory in AFRE 805 or its equivalent.
  2. Complete a minimum of 9 credits of quantitative methods by enrollment in AFRE 801 and AFRE 802, or equivalent, and 3 credits of an elective, usually AFRE 835. A grade point average of 3.0 or greater is required in all three quantitative methods courses.
  3. Complete an additional 12 credits of advanced course work at the 800- or 900-level, at least 9 credits must be AFRE courses.
  4. Pass a final oral examination at which the student presents their thesis or research paper results.
  5. Have a grade point average of at least 3.0 in the student’s approved course program before the student can be certified for graduation. Collateral courses are not included in this calculation.

Additional Requirements for Plan A:

  1. Complete 6 credits of AFRE 899 Master's Thesis Research.
Additional Requirements for Plan B:
  1. Complete 3 credits of AFRE 898 Master's Research.
  2. Complete 6 credits within or outside AFRE in consultation and approved by the Graduate Program Director.

Guidance Committee

New students are assigned a temporary major professor by the Graduate Program Director, in consultation with the student and faculty member. The student is responsible for assembling a long-term major professor and guidance committee via consultation with faculty and, if desired, the Graduate Program Director. Students must have a major professor and guidance committee by the end of their second semester. The guidance committee consists of  three or more Michigan State University regular faculty members. A majority of the guidance comittee members must have appointments in the Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics.


 


Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics - Doctor of Philosophy

The Doctor of Philosophy degree in Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics equips students with a strong foundation in microeconomic theory, econometric methods, and analytical tools for applied microeconomics. A major field provides specialized training in one of three major areas of emphasis. Graduates proceed to careers in academia, research institutes, government, and business. 

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Applications to the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics are evaluated by an admissions committee formed by the Department Chairperson and chaired by the Graduate Program Director.

Several criteria are used to evaluate applications including:

  1. Academic preparation including review of previous degrees and grades, Graduate Record Examination (GRE), and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) scores.
  2. Letters of recommendation.
  3. Match between the applicant’s background, interests, and educational objectives, and the department’s research, teaching, and/or outreach programs.
  4. The applicant’s contribution to the diversity and balance of the department’s graduate study body.

Additional details on admission requirements and procedures are outlined on the department Web site at http://www.canr.msu.edu/afre/graduate/applying.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics

A total of 61 credits is required for the degree. The student must:

1. Complete all of the following core courses (16 credits):
AFRE  900 Applied Microeconomics 3
EC  812A  Microeconomics I and its Mathematical Foundations 4
EC  812B  Microeconomics II  3
EC  820A  Econometrics IA  3
EC  820B  Econometrics IB  3
EC 812A, EC 812B, EC 820A, and EC 820B must be taken during the student’s first academic year of doctoral study, and AFRE 900 must be taken in the fall semester of their second year. To be qualified to proceed in the AFRE Ph.D. program, grades of 3.5 or better are required in at least two of the five core courses (EC 812A, EC 812B, EC 820A, EC 820B, and  AFRE 900), with a 3.0 minimum grade required in each course. Retaking a course to meet these requirements is not allowed.
2. Complete 9 credits in one of three major fields in Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics: development economics, environmental and resource economics, or food and agricultural economics. A 3.0 minimum grade is required in each course used to establish the student’s major field and the student’s cumulative grade-point average for their major  field courses must be greater than 3.0 (i.e., a grade of 3.5 or better is required in at least one of the student's three major field courses).
3. Complete an additional 12 credits of advanced course work at the 800- or 900-level, at least 6 credits must be AFRE courses.
4. Complete a minimum of 24 credits of AFRE 999 Doctoral Dissertation Research.
5. Pass the comprehensive examination no later than the end of the third year.
6. Present and obtain formal approval for the proposed dissertation research by the end of the fourth year.
7. Pass a final oral examination at which the student presents their dissertation results.
8. Attend at least 6 AFRE (or joint AFRE-EC) seminars in any single academic year before the end of the fourth year.
9. Have a grade point average of at least 3.0 in the student’s approved course program before the student can be certified for graduation. Collateral courses are not included in this calculation.


Guidance Committee

New students are assigned a temporary major professor by the Graduate Program Director, in consultation with the student and faculty member. The student is responsible for assembling a long-term major professor and guidance committee via consultation with faculty and, if desired, the Graduate Program Director. Students must have a major professor and guidance committee by the end of their third semester. The guidance committee consists of four or more Michigan State University regular faculty members. A majority of the guidance committee members must have appointments in the Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics.